摘要
本文针对阳离子表面活性剂压裂液在阴离子岩层中损失较大、会降低岩层的渗透率等缺陷，合成出阴离子磺酸盐型表面活性剂——棕榈酸甲酯磺酸钠，将此表面活性剂与助剂十八醇按质量比1:2复配后可作为压裂液增稠剂JL。JL在3.5%氯化钠溶液中迅速交联得到一种阴离子清洁压裂液。考察了该压裂液的耐温抗剪切性能、黏弹性能、携砂性能、滤失性能、破胶性能及对地层的伤害。实验结果表明：质量分数为5%的JL在3.5%的氯化钠水溶液中，1~2 min内即可快速成胶，黏弹性、耐温耐剪切性较好，80℃下的体系黏度仍能达到40 mPa·s。在体积比为40%的砂比下，悬砂效率比普通高分子水基压裂液提高48.7%。体系遇煤油易破胶，破胶液澄清，无残渣。对地层的伤害率低，为7.6%。体系呈中性，能够适用于酸敏碱敏地层，满足了低压低渗透油气藏压裂的要求。
Abstract
A new kind of sulfonic anionic surfactant, palmitic acid methyl ester sulfonate, was synthesized according to the disadvantage of the cationic surfactant fracturing fluid, such as the greater loss of the cation and the reduction of permeability. The thicker JL was obtained by mixing palmitic acid methyl ester sulfonate and octadecanol at mass ratio of 1:2. the crosslinked reaction took place soon when adding a certain amount of JL to the 3.5% NaCl solution, resulting in forming the clean fracture fluids(CFFs). The performance of the CFFs, such as heat and shear resistance, viscoelasticity, sand-carrying property, flitration, gel-breaking property,et al, was investigated. The results showed that JL crosslinked reaction of 5% JL took place quickly in the 3.5%NaCl solution and the gel could be formed within 1~2 minutes, which had better temperature and shear resistance. The viscosity of the CFFs was 40 mPa·s at 80℃. The sand-carrying ability was increased by 48.7% compared to that of the macromolecule fracturing fluids. The gels could be broken with the addition of kerosene, and the gel breaker fluid was clear and had no residue. Hence, the degree of formation damage was low, being of 7.6%. In addition the CFFs belonged to neutral, so it could be used in acid and alkaline sensitivity reservoirs. The system could satisfy the demands of oil-gas the reservoir with low pressure and low permeability.
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