摘要
为了更好地提高稠油油藏开发效果，采取化学生热与催化裂解方式来降低稠油黏度、提高地下稠油的流动能力非常必要。选择NaNO2和NH4Cl溶液作为化学生热剂，通过正交实验优选出生热剂最佳反应条件为：4 mol/L NaNO2，4 mol/L NH4Cl，体系pH值为2。该条件下，反应温度和压力在短时间内迅速上升，分别达到峰值204℃和13.6 MPa，达到峰值的时间为6 min，反应基液温度升高149℃。油酸镍催化降黏体系最佳配方为：以反应原油的质量为基准，羧酸盐型油酸镍催化剂0.3%，供氢剂甲酸7%，助剂尿素7%，乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.13%。该催化体系的最佳反应温度为280℃。油酸镍催化后，原油黏度由213.8 mPa·s降至74.2 mPa·s，降黏率为65.3%。当化学生热剂与催化裂解剂共同作用时，降黏率可达66.5%，饱和烃和芳烃含量增加，胶质和沥青质含量减小，催化降解效果较好。
Abstract
In order to improve the development efficiency of heavy oil reservoir, the application of chem-thermogenic and catalytic pyrolysis to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil was particularly important. NaNO2 and NH4Cl solution were chosen as chemical heat-generating agent, and orthogonal experiment was designed. The optimum reaction condition was obtained as follows: 4 mol/L NaNO2, 4 mol/L NH4Cl and 2 system pH value. On this condition, the temperature and pressure of reaction rose rapidly in a short time with peak value 204℃ and 13.6 MPa after 6 min, respectively. The temperature of reaction solution increased 149℃. The best formula of oil-soluble nickel-based catalysts system was established: the mass of reactive crude oil as benchmark, 0.3% oleic acid nickel catalyst, 7% formic acid hydrogen donors, 7% auxiliary of carbamide and 0.13% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The optimum reaction temperature of the catalytic system was of 280℃. When the crude oil was catalyzed by oleic acid nickel, the viscosity decreased from 213.8 mPa·s to 74.2 mPa·s and the viscosity reduction rate was of 65.3%. When the chemical heat-generating agent and the catalytic cracking catalyst worked together, the viscosity reduction rate was up to 66.5%. The content of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon increased, whereas that of colloid and asphaltine decreased. So the catalytic degradation effect was quite well.
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