三元约束油气检测技术在油气勘探中的应用

Application of ternary constrained hydrocarbon detection technology in oil and gas exploration

张德龙 张志军 郭军 谭辉煌

中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司渤海石油研究院，天津 300459

Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Tianjin 300459, China

莱北油田新近系明下段油气勘探是近年来渤海地区勘探的热点与储量增长点。该地区油水关系复杂，同时常规油气检测方法受砂体厚度、物性及地层结构等其他非流体因素干扰较大，导致常规方法钻前油气预测多解性强，严重制约了该区的集束评价。为此，文中首次引入能量衰减识别因子、隐性油气识别因子与构造流体匹配识别因子，并将三者有机融合，建立了基于能量衰减的三元约束流体（油气）检测新方法。该方法首先从能量衰减机理与正演模拟出发，得到地震波穿过含不同流体的砂体后的能量衰减识别因子，然后对油气层的振幅进行分解，得到可以表征油气的隐性油气识别因子，最后充分考虑构造对流体的控制作用，引入构造流体匹配识别因子；通过引入3个对油气敏感的定量评价因子，并将三者融合建立三元约束定量化流体检测模板，实现对油气水层的精准预测。该方法具有快速、准确、高效的优点，有效解决了油气水层振幅能量的混叠难题，业已在莱北油田进行广泛应用，并获得了良好的勘探成效。

Oil and gas exploration in the Lower Ming section of the Neogene in Laibei Oilfield is the exploration hotspot and the reserve growth point of Bohai Sea in recent years. The oil?鄄water relationship is complex in this area, and the conventional hydrocarbon detection method is greatly affected by non?鄄fluid factors such as sand body thickness, physical property and stratum structure, which leads to multiple solutions of the conventional method before drilling, and severely restricts the rapid evaluation process in this area. To solve this problem, this paper introduces the energy attenuation identification factor, recessive oil and gas identification factor and structure and fluid matching identification factor for the first time, and combines the three factors organically to establish a new ternary constrained fluid detection technology based on energy attenuation. Firstly, the energy attenuation identification factor of seismic waves passing through sand bodies with different fluids is obtained from the energy attenuation mechanism and forward modeling. Then the amplitude of the oil and gas layers is decomposed to obtain the recessive oil and gas identification factor which can characterize oil and gas. Finally, structure and fluid matching identification factor is introduced by considering the control of structure on fluid. By introducing three quantitative evaluation factors sensitive to oil and gas, and combining them to establish a ternary constrained quantitative fluid detection template, the accurate prediction of oil and gas layers is achieved. This method has the advantages of rapidity, accuracy and efficiency, which can solve the problem of amplitude energy mixing of oil, gas and water layers. It has been widely used in Laibei Oilfield and has achieved good exploration results.

10.6056/dkyqt202305016