中国稠油蒸汽吞吐后提高采收率接替技术前景

Prospect of replacement technology for enhanced oil recovery after cyclic steam stimulation of heavy oil in China

方吉超 李晓琦 计秉玉 王海波 路熙

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083 中国石化海相油气藏开发重点实验室，北京 100083

Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China Key Laboratory for Marine Oil and Gas Reservoir Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

针对中国稠油资源特征和蒸汽吞吐开发现状，探索了稠油蒸汽吞吐后接替性技术的研究进展与发展前景。中国稠油普遍埋藏深、黏度大，主要以蒸汽吞吐方式开发。蒸汽吞吐波及半径仅为30~40 m，效益开采为8~12个周期，平均采收率约为20%。蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱是国际主流选择，解决了热波及受限问题，但需要克服稠油埋藏深带来的热损失难题。火烧油层作为稠油开发后期的极限接替开发技术，能够解决波及受限、无效热耗等问题，有望成为目前有技术、无经济效益的废弃/半废弃稠油油田的最终提高采收率方法。长远看，由快速热采开发转向低成本持续冷采是稠油开发后期的必然选择。化学复合驱冷采能够大幅度降低成本、扩大波及体积，下一步需要提高低水动力条件下稠油乳化能力。

Based on the characteristics of heavy oil resources and the development status of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) in China, the research progress and development prospect of the replacement technology after CSS are explored. In China, heavy oil generally has the characteristics of deep burial and high viscosity, and mainly developed by CSS. The swept radius of CSS is only 30￣40 m, the profitable production cycle is from 8 to 12, and the average recovery rate is only about 20%. The reformation of CSS to steam flooding process is the international mainstream choice. Steam flooding solves the problem of thermal sweep limitation, but needs to overcome the difficulties of heat loss caused by deep burial of heavy oil. The in?鄄situ combustion will be used as the ultimate replacement technology in the later stage of heavy oil development, which can solve the problems of thermal sweep limitation and ineffective heat loss. In the future, in?鄄situ combustion is expected to become the ultimate method of enhanced oil recovery for abandoned/semi?鄄abandoned heavy oil fields where the existing technology has no economic benefits. In the long run, the shift from rapid thermal recovery to low?鄄cost continuous cold production is expected to be the inevitable choice in the later stage of heavy oil field development. Cold production of chemical compound flooding can greatly reduce the development cost and expand the swept volume. In the next step, it is necessary to improve the emulsifying capacity of heavy oil under low hydrodynamic conditions.

10.6056/dkyqt202203015