断裂及其裂缝发育带三维空间刻画技术

The description technology of three dimensional space for fault and its fracture

梁志强 李弘 唐金良

中国石化石油物探技术研究院，江苏 南京 210014

Geophysical Research Institute, SINOPEC, Nanjing 210014, China

随着油气田的勘探开发越来越精细，传统的相干、曲率、蚂蚁体等单一叠后断裂/裂缝的属性预测技术已经无法满足油田断裂￣裂缝型储层高效勘探开发的需求。按照地震可识别程度，把断裂及其裂缝发育带的地质要素分为长度、宽度、方向、边界、内幕等，通过不同属性的组合和相互验证，实现其三维综合空间刻画：强反射去除技术突出了断裂带内幕的储层特征，为后续的属性计算奠定了数据基础；likelihood属性刻画了断裂及其裂缝发育带的边界；相干约束下的多尺度曲率优选得到了断裂带的真实地震宽度；沿着断裂发育的大致地质方向，开展基于叠前部分方位叠加体的蚂蚁体属性优选，精细描述了断裂带的方向；多尺度相干实现了断裂带内部小尺度裂缝的预测，地震张量技术则准确刻画了断裂带内部发育的溶洞特征。以上技术系列实现了断裂及其裂缝发育带的三维精细刻画和内幕结构的有效识别，对相似油气藏的勘探开发具有重要的借鉴和推广意义。

As the exploration and development of oil and gas fields becomes more and more refined, the traditional attribute prediction technologies of single post-stack faults/fractures such as coherence, curvature, and ant track can not meet the needs of efficient exploration and development of fault-fractured reservoirs in oilfields. According to the identifiability of seismic exploration, the geological elements of the fault and its fracture development zone are divided into several characteristics such as length, width, direction, boundary, and interior. Through the combination and mutual verification of different attributes, the three-dimensional comprehensive spatial description can be realized: the strong reflection removal technology highlights the reservoir characteristics inside the fault zone and lays a data foundation for the subsequent attribute calculation; the likelihood attribute describes the boundary of the fault and the fracture development zone; the multi-scale curvature optimization under the coherence constraint obtains the real seismic width of fault zone; along the general geological direction of fault development, the optimization of ant track attributes is carried out to finely describe the direction of the fault zone based on partial azimuth stacks in the pre-stack; multi-scale coherence realizes predication of the small scale fractures inside the fault zone, and the seismic tensor technology accurately describes the characteristics of the karst caves developed in the fault zone. The above-mentioned technical series realizes the three-dimensional fine characterization of faults and its fracture development zones and the effective identification of the inner structure, which has important reference and promotion significance for the exploration and development of similar oil and gas reservoirs.

10.6056/dkyqt202204010