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降低深层页岩气井压裂施工压力技术探讨
断块油气田
2021年 28卷 第2期
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Title
Discussion on technology of reducing fracturing operation pressure in deep shale gas well
单位
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室，北京100101
中国石化石油工程技术研究院，北京 100101
Organization
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100101, China
Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, SINOPEC, Beijing 100101, China
摘要
我国深层页岩气资源量丰富，目前已在川渝地区取得了单井产量突破。从施工效果上看，受埋藏深和闭合压力高的影响，多数深层页岩气井表现为施工难度大、砂液比敏感、加砂强度偏低、压后产量低且递减快，多数仍达不到商业开发价值。研究发现，施工压力偏高是普遍制约压裂设计和施工效果的关键。对比国外相同埋深页岩气井，国内深层页岩气井压裂施工压力普遍高出15~20 MPa。施工压力窗口窄，导致多簇密切割、暂堵转向、连续加砂等主流工艺根本无法正常实施。鉴于此，基于室内岩石力学实验和数值模拟，分析了引起深层页岩气井高施工压力的主控因素，进一步探讨了降低施工压力的技术对策。从钻完井￣压裂一体化、压裂地质评价￣工程设计一体化、压裂施工￣后评估一体化3个不同角度提出了深层页岩气井压裂技术发展建议，为实现深层页岩气井压裂有效降压￣促缝￣稳压一体化现场实施与控制提供了依据。
Abstract
China is rich in deep shale gas resources, and has made a breakthrough in single well production in Sichuan and Chongqing area. However, from the perspective of fracturing effect, affected by the depth of burial and high closing pressure, most of the deep shale gas wells are difficult to fracturing, sensitive to sand liquid ratio, low proppant intensity, low production and rapid decline after fracturing, and most of them still fail to reach the commercial development. It is found that the high fracturing pressure is the key to restrict the fracturing design and its effect. Compared with the same buried deep shale gas wells abroad, the operation pressure of domestic deep shale gas fracturing is generally 15￣20 MPa higher, and the fracturing pressure window is narrow, which results in the failure of normal implementation of multi-cluster dense cutting design, temporary plugging and diversion, continuous sanding and other mainstream technologies. In view of this, based on the laboratory rock mechanics experiment and numerical simulation, this paper analyzes the main control factors that cause the high fracturing pressure of deep shale gas wells, and further discusses the technical countermeasures to reduce the operation pressure. From three different perspectives such as integration of drilling-completion and fracturing, integration of fracturing geological evaluation and engineering design, and integration of fracturing operation and post evaluation, this paper puts forward suggestions on the development of deep shale gas fracturing technology. It provides a basis reference for the field implementation and control of effective pressure reduction, fracture promotion and pressure stabilization of deep shale gas fracture.
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