喜马拉雅晚期构造应力场及其与油气分布的关系——以准噶尔盆地南缘为例

Late Himalayan tectonic stress field and its relationship with hydrocarbon distribution: a case study of southern margin of Junggar Basin

张凤奇,刘伟,鲁雪松,刘阳,周路,曹秦智

西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710065 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室，陕西 西安 710065 延长油田股份有限公司勘探开发技术研究中心，陕西 延安 716001 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China Exploration and Development Technology Research Center, Yanchang Oil Co., Ltd., Yan′an 716001, China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

针对准噶尔盆地南缘喜马拉雅晚期构造应力场分布特征及其对油气分布的控制作用认识不清的问题，运用有限元数值模拟，恢复了研究区喜马拉雅晚期平面和剖面的构造应力值，总结了其构造应力场的分布特征，并对构造应力与油气分布的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：侏罗系齐古组最大主压应力在不同构造带上分布不均，以红车断裂为界，东侧的最大主压应力整体上从东向西逐渐增大，西侧的最大主压应力向北西方向逐渐减小；同一地区最大主压应力随着埋深的增大而增大，最大主压应力在背斜/断背斜和断裂带处均比与其相邻的地层小；强烈构造挤压作用可以促使油气从构造应力大的区域向构造应力小的区域快速流动，在相对低应力区聚集成藏，第一排构造带的隐伏断背斜圈闭、第二排和第三排构造带下组合发育的背斜或断背斜圈闭均为油气的有利运聚指向区。研究成果对该地区油气勘探有一定的指导作用。

For the unclear understanding on distribution of late Himalayan tectonic stress filed and its controlling on hydrocarbon distribution in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, the finite element numerical simulation is used to restore the tectonic stress value in plane and in profile, summarize their distribution characteristics, and discuss the relationship between the tectonic stress and hydrocarbon distribution. The results show that maximum principal compressive stress of the Jurassic Qigu Formation is unevenly distributed in different structural zones. The maximum principal compressive stress on the east side of the Hongche fault increases  gradually from east to west, and the maximum principal compressive stress on the west side of the Hongche fault decreases gradually from southeast to northwest. The maximum principal compressive stress in the same area increases with burial depth, and the value in an anticline or a faulted anticline and a fault zone is smaller than those in adjacent layers. Hydrocarbon can rapidly flow from the higher value zones of tectonic stress to the lower ones under the conditions of strong tectonic compression and accumulate in the relatively lower value areas. Concealed faulted anticline traps in the first structural belt, anticline traps or faulted anticline traps assemblage in the second and third structural belts are the favorable zones of migration and accumulation. This research can play a guiding role on hydrocarbon exploration in the region.

10.6056/dkyqt202104001