摘要
近年来，国际油价持续走低，这对页岩油气的经济高效开发提出了严峻的挑战，也推动了新一轮的工程技术创新。如何改善当前非常规油气资源开发成本高、投资风险大、效益回报低的现状，已经成为一道迫在眉睫的难题。文中对国内外超长水平段水平井建造技术、长水平井段密切割和工厂化压裂技术、快速连续压裂核心设备、压裂液体系等页岩油气开发工程方面的最新进展进行了详细调研，结果表明：美国页岩油气开发成功，使得该国油气产量迅猛增长，实现了国家能源独立和能源安全战略，当前美国在页岩油区带的钻完井效率提高了约50%，水平段钻完井效率提高了100%，单台钻机新井日产油量是油价下跌前的3倍左右，从而使得页岩油生产成本降至314.5 $/m3以下；在工艺技术比较成熟的条件下，借鉴美国非常规油气勘探开发方面的成功做法，持续技术创新和降本增效是应对低油价的必由之路；国际上创新性建立了以地质￣工程综合研究为基础的作业流程，持续优化水平井钻井和体积压裂设计，实现了勘探开发效益最大化，使得页岩油气开发适应低油价。调研成果为今后页岩油气开发工程技术的发展方向提出了合理化建议。
Abstract
In recent years, international oil prices keep falling, which has put forward a severe challenge to the economical and efficient development of the shale oil and gas, and promotes the engineering technology innovation. How to improve the situation of high development cost, high investment risk and low return of unconventional oil and gas resources has become an urgent problem. In this paper, the latest progress in shale oil and gas development engineering at home and abroad, such as construction technology of horizontal well with ultra-long horizontal section, long horizontal well section dense cutting and factory fracturing technology， rapid and continuous fracturing equipment and fracturing fluid system, are investigated in detail. The results show that the successful development of shale oil & gas in the United States has led to a rapid increase in production, which has achieved energy independence and security. Currently, the drilling efficiency of the United States shale oil has been increased by about 50%, the horizontal section efficiency by 100%, and the daily oil production of single well about three times as it did before the oil price drop, so the production cost of shale oil fall below $314.5 per m3. Based on mature engineering technology, studying the successful experience of the United States in unconventional oil & gas exploration and development (E & D), strengthening technological innovation, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency are the only way to deal with low oil prices. Internationally, an operation category based on comprehensive geology-engineering research has been established, and horizontal drilling and volume fracturing have been optimized to maximize the E & D benefits, so that shale oil and gas development adpat to low oil prices. The research results provide reasonable suggestions for the future progress of shale oil and gas development engineering technology.
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