水平井限流压裂射孔参数优化

Perforating parameter optimization of limit entry fracturing for horizontal wells

 周再乐 张广清 熊文学 李军 倪小龙 黄卫红

中国石油大学（北京）石油工程学院，北京 102249 陕西延长石油国际勘探开发工程有限公司，陕西 西安 710075 中国石油新疆油田公司采油二厂，新疆 克拉玛依 834000

College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum International Exploration and Development Engineering Co. Ltd., Xi′an 710075, China No.2 Oil Production Plant, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, China

 水平井限流压裂主要是经过射孔孔眼产生的节流摩阻实现的，因而，裂缝所对应的射孔参数是实现限流压裂的关键。目前，国内外文献关于限流压裂的射孔优化大部分没有结合压裂模型，也没有给出各个射孔簇之间参数的定量关系。文中通过给定水平井段地层和压裂参数，使用拟三维模型计算每一条裂缝所吸收的排量和缝口压力，再结合限流压裂的流量平衡和压力平衡关系，得出了各个射孔簇有效孔眼当量直径间的关系式。计算结果表明：在压裂段储层力学性质和裂缝尺寸设计相同时，每个射孔簇的有效孔眼当量直径从水平井的跟端到趾端依次增加，在孔眼直径相同的情况下，相应的孔眼数和射孔簇的簇长也需要增加；当储层性质变化或者设计缝长不相同时，各个射孔簇的最优孔眼数和簇长可以定量确定。研究结果为限流压裂射孔参数的优化和射孔枪的选择提供了指导。

 Limit entry fracturing relies mainly on fluid friction throttle generated by the perforations when fluid enters the fracture in the formation in horizontal well, thus perforation hole′s parameters corresponding to each fracture become the key point. At present, most of domestic and foreign papers on perforating optimization for limit entry fracturing are relatively complex and corresponding methodology for calculative relation of each cluster parameters is lacking. In this paper, based on formation and fracturing parameters, a pseudo three?鄄dimensional model is used to calculate flow and pressure of each hydraulic fracture. With flow balance and the pressure balance among fractures, each of the corresponding effective equivalent diameter of the perforation clusters relationship can be calculated. The results show that when the mechanical properties of the stimulation segment and design size of each fracture are the same, effective equivalent diameter of the hole for each perforation cluster increases from heel to toe of horizontal well if the hole diameters are constant, the corresponding hole number and length of perforation cluster also need to increase; otherwise, the optimal number and length of each perforation cluster can be quantitatively determined, which provide guidance for limit entry perforating parameter optimization and perforating gun choices.

10.6056/dkyqt201503023