泥岩层数对泥岩涂抹形成及演化影响的物理模拟

Physical simulation of clay layer effect on clay smear and evolution

刘新宇 李会元

东北石油大学CNPC断裂控藏研究室，黑龙江 大庆 163318

Laboratory of CNPC Fault Controlling Reservoir, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China

在油气勘探开发过程中断层封闭性起到了重要的作用，特别是在断块油气田中，断层封闭性直接影响油气的运聚成藏。断层封闭性主要分为对接封闭和断层岩封闭2种类型，泥岩涂抹作为断层岩封闭中的一种，对断层封闭性起到了重要的作用。泥岩涂抹是砂￣泥岩互层地层变形研究中的一个重点，受到许多因素的影响，如泥岩层的流变性、能干性、埋藏深度、变形速率等。目前，对泥岩涂抹的研究主要通过野外露头区考察和模拟实验，然而对于泥岩涂抹的形成以及演化过程的研究只能借助于模拟实验。文中设计完成了4个砂箱实验，并应用粒子成像测速（PIV）技术计算实验模型剖面上断层发育过程中各个阶段剪切应变的分布变化，进而对泥岩涂抹的形成和演化机制进行探讨。

Fault sealing plays an important role during the process of petroleum exploration and development, especially in fault-block oil and gas fields. Fault sealing affects migration and accumulation of petroleum directly. Fault sealing is divided into two categories： fault rock seal and juxtaposition seal. Being a kind of fault rock seal, clay smear plays an important role in fault sealing. Shale smear is the focus in research of sand-clay sequence deformation, which is affected by many factors such as rheological property of mudstone layers, competence, burial depth, deformation rate. The main means applied in research include outcrop observing and experimental approach, however, the study on formation and evolution of shale smear is only carried out by means of physical simulation experiment. This paper completed four sand box experiments, using particle image velocimetry （PIV） technology, calculated the distribution changes of shear strain during the process of fault development on the profile of experimental model and discussed the formation and evolution mechanism of shale smear.

10.6056/dkyqt201506009