海上稠油乳化降黏剂的研究及评价

Research and performance evaluation of heavy oil viscosity reducer for offshore oilfield

 刘书杰¹ 安志杰² 于继飞¹ 张磊¹

中海石油（中国）有限公司北京研究中心，北京 100028 中国石油辽河油田分公司钻采工艺研究院，辽宁 盘锦 124010

 针对海上油田稠油乳化剂对环保性能的要求，通过室内实验，研究了非离子表面活性剂￣改性烷基糖苷在合成过程中影响因素对产率的影响。实验结果表明：稠油乳化剂的最佳合成条件为十六醇和葡萄糖反应的物质的量比为7∶1，葡萄糖粒径为200~300目，催化剂质量分数为1.5%，反应的温度为110~120 ℃、时间为2.5~3.0 h、压力为3~4 kPa，投入物质的量之比为2∶1的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，其质量分数为4%~6%。急性毒性和鱼毒性实验表明，合成的稠油乳化剂无皮肤急性毒性，无鱼毒性，属于环保型乳化降黏剂。当乳化降黏剂质量分数为0.3%时，油水界面张力可以达到10-3 mN/m数量级，降黏率达到92.1%，具有很好的降黏效果。

 Based on the requirement of environmental protection performance for heavy oil viscosity reducer in offshore oilfield, non-ionic surfactant modified alkyl glycoside was synthesized. The effects on the glycosidation reaction and product yield in the synthesis process were researched. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions are the mole ratio of alcohol hexadecanol and glucose is 7∶1, the particle size of glucose is 200-300 mesh, the amount of catalyst is 1.5% of the total, the reaction temperature is 110-120 ℃, the reaction time is 2.5-3.0 hrs, reaction pressure is 3-4 kPa, the amount of ethylene oxide and eropylene oxide (mole ratio 2∶1) is 4%-6% of the total. The experiment of acute toxicity and fish toxicity shows that the synthesized crude oil viscosity reducer which has no dermal toxicity and no fish toxicity is an environmental protection product. When using concentration of the synthesized surfactant is 0.3%, the oil-water interfacial tension can reach 10-3 mN/m magnitude and the viscosity reduction rate reaches 92.1% with good effect on viscosity reduction.

10.6056/dkyqt201506033