考虑非均质及表皮因子的一点法试井资料处理方法

Single-point method for well test data processing considering reservoir heterogeneity
and skin factor

李元生 李相方 藤赛男 刘晓东 唐敏燕 徐大荣 和向楠 李娜

中国石油大学石油工程教育部重点实验室，北京 102249 上海海洋油气分公司研究院，上海 200120 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司研究院，陕西 西安 710075

MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China Research Institute of Shanghai Offshore Oil Company, Shanghai 200120, China Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co. Ltd.,
Xi′an 710075, China

一点法试井资料处理方法中的经验数与储层厚度无关，主要受气体相对密度、探测半径、表皮、黏度、温度、渗透率和压力的影响，对于同一气田而言，储层非均质性和完井方式的不同导致其经验数并非常数。文中根据渗流理论与试井方法，提出了基于不稳定试井的一点法资料处理方法。该方法假设气体相对密度、探测半径、储层温度为常数，推导了考虑储层渗透率及表皮因子影响的一点法经验数的公式，该公式中系数C可以看成常数，可通过一次系统试井得到；利用不稳定试井解释的渗透率与表皮因子可确定各井的经验数。对于未实施不稳定试井的新气井，可以利用最小二乘法优选出气井的最优经验数，使得气井无阻流量的方差最小， 也可以利用该方法评价一点法的可行性，当气井无阻流量平均误差较小时，一点法可行。普光气田的应用发现，系数C误差较小，并且无阻流量的平均误差比其他方法小。

In the single-point method for well test data processing, the empirical number is related with gas relative density, radius of investigation, skin factor, viscosity, temperature, permeability and pressure, but is not related with reservoir thickness. For the same gas fields, the difference of reservoir heterogeneity and completion method makes the empirical number not to be a constant. According to to seepage theory and well testing method, this paper puts forward the single-point method for well test data processing based on the transient testing. This method assumes gas relative density, radius of investigation and temperature as constant, and deduces the equation of the empirical number considering influence of permeability and skin factor. In this equation， coefficient C is constant. It can be decided through a systematic well testing and determined with permeability and skin factor. For the new gas wells which don′t do transient testing, the optimal empirical number can be determined through least square method, minimizing the squared error of openflow capacity of gas well. And through this method, the feasibility of single-point well test can also be evaluated. When the mean error of openflow capacity of present gas wells is small, this method can be applied. Application of this method in Puguang shows that the error of coefficient C is small, having smaller mean error of openflow capacity compared with other methods.

10.6056/dkyqt201302033