页岩地层压裂工艺新进展

New progress of hydraulic fracturing technology for shale formation

张艺耀 王世彬 郭建春

西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610500

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

页岩气已经成为一些发达国家大力开发的非常规能源。美国页岩气产量2011年已占到世界天然气总产量的28%，其页岩气开发速度和前景令人瞩目。先进的压裂增产技术是提高页岩气产量的有效手段。文中概述了页岩气开发的压裂增产历史，调研了北美地区页岩气开发的现状及所使用的新工艺、新技术（如新型转向压裂、通道压裂、超高质量泡沫压裂及减阻水压裂等），分析了各种压裂技术的增产机理、适用性及优缺点，最后指出了页岩气开采过程中存在的问题，并提出了一些建议。

As an unconventional energy source, shale gas has harbored more vigorous development from some developed countries. In USA, the production of shale gas has taken up 28% of the total natural gas production in 2011, which suggests a promising future with regard to its development rate and prospect. The advanced fracturing technique constitutes one of the effective methods on enhancing shale gas production. This paper talks about the fracturing history in the development of shale gas, and has reviewed the current development of North America together with utilized new techniques, such as new diversion technique, channel fracturing, ultra-high quality foam fracturing, slick water fracturing and so on. And this paper analyzed the stimulation mechanism, applicability of various fracturing techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, problems and suggestions about shale gas development have been given.

10.6056/dkyqt201303002