特稠油乳化降黏室内评价研究

Laboratory evaluation of emulsion viscosity reduction on extra-heavy oil

李薇¹ 金学锋¹ 王凤清¹ 乔培君² 胡伟俐¹ 娜仁格丽³

中国石油华北油田公司采油工程研究院，河北 任丘 062552 中国石油华北油田公司第三采油厂，河北 河间 062450 中国石油西部钻探国际钻井公司，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

Research Institute of Petroleum Production Engineering, Huabei Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Renqiu 062552, China No.3 Oil Production Plant, Huabei Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Hejian 062450, China The western part of the China National Petroleum Drilling International Drilling Company, Xinjiang PetroChina, Wulumuqi 830011, China

特稠油原油黏度高、流动性差，采用常规方法开采难度大。针对这一问题，作者提出了一种乳化降黏的开采方法。该方法利用表面活性剂，借助超声波的振动、空化和热作用，使特稠油乳化形成O/W型乳状液，有效降低了油层特稠油黏度，改善了原油的低温流动性。文中还对形成O/W型乳状液影响因素进行了室内评价，并进一步借助超声波增强乳化效果进行了驱油技术实验。结果表明，该技术的实施不会对原油脱水造成影响，其经济性优于热采。该项研究为特稠油油藏开采开辟了新途径。

High viscosity and poor mobility of extra-heavy oil cause a great production difficulty if using the conventional methods. Aiming at the problem, this paper suggests a production method through emulsion viscosity reduction. This method takes advantage of the surfactant, with the help of ultrasonic vibration, cavitations and thermal effect, in order to make the heavy oil emulsify to form the O/W emulsion, which effectively reduces the viscosity of extra?鄄heavy oil and improve the mobility of crude oil with low temperature. Laboratory evaluation of the influencing factors to form O/W emulsion is conducted in the paper and displacement test of increasing the emulsifying effect with ultrasonic wave is implemented. The test result shows that the implementation of the technology will not affect the crude oil dehydration and that its economy is better than that of thermal recovery. The research has opened up a new way for the exploitation of extra?鄄heavy oil reservoir.

10.6056/dkyqt2012z1023