磁防垢技术及应用发展现状

Review of technology and application on magnetized water treatment for anti-scaling

肖曾利 蒲春生

西安石油大学陕西省油气田特种增产技术重点实验室，陕西 西安 710065 中国石油大学石油与天然气工程学院，北京 102249

Provincial Key Laboratory of Unusual Well Stimulation, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China Petroleum and Gas Engineering Faculty, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

水设备中的水垢会造成水管中水流的堵塞，从而影响热交换器的工作效率，在经济上带来相当大的损失。人们对水垢的组成、预防及水的软化进行了大量研究，并找到不同的化学和物理防垢方法。其中，磁化（永磁和电磁）水处理技术因其投资小、操作简单、无毒无污染，集防垢、除垢、杀菌、缓蚀等多种功能于一身，是一种极具发展前景的防垢除垢技术。文中介绍了磁场对水溶液物理化学性质、结晶过程、作用条件的影响，并介绍了磁场作用下离子对磁化效果的影响及磁场的记忆效应；在此基础上，阐述了磁防垢的作用机理及磁防垢除垢技术的工艺发展情况。最后指出，建立和完善定量磁处理防垢除垢理论模型是机理研究的发展趋势，在应用技术上加强磁处理技术与光、超声波等物理技术、化学投药法及生物技术协同处理工业用水，将会取得更好的效果。

Scaling in water facilities can cause plugging in pipelines, which can decrease the work efficiency of heat exchanger and thus cause huge economic loss. Many studies about the components, preclusion of scaling and water softening have been done and different kinds of physical and chemical antiscaling methods are found out, among which magnetized water treatment has the advantages of easy operation, free of virulence and pollution. Integrating scale prevention, scale removal, sterilization and corrosion in one, it is one kind of anti-scaling descaling technology, which has extremely development prospects. In this paper, the influence of magnetic field on aqueous physical and chemical properties， crystal process, working conditions， effects of ion on magnetic treatment are introduced. Based on this, the mechanism of magnetized water treatment and the development of magnetic anti-scaling technology are introduced in detail. Finally, it indicates that the building and integrity of magnetic anti-scaling model is the direction of mechanism study. Meanwhile, combination of magnetic anti-scaling, physical technology of light and ultrasonic, chemical enhancements and biotechnology in industrial water treatment can receive better results.