高级氧化技术及其在油田中的应用进展

Review on advanced oxidation process and its application in oilfield

高永亮1,蒲春生2,肖曾利2,秦文龙

长庆油田分公司采油六厂，陕西　定边　718600 西安石油大学陕西省油气田特种增产技术重点实验室，陕西　西安710065

No.6 Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, CNPC, Dingbian 718600, China Key Laboratory of Unusual Well Stimulation of Shaanxi Province, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China

高级氧化处理技术作为物化处理技术之一，具有处理效率高、对有毒污染物破坏彻底等优点，其降解废水的原理主要是利用各种活性自由基进攻有机大分子并与其反应，从而破坏有机分子结构达到氧化去除有机物的目的，该技术已经逐渐成为难降解废水处理研究的热点。文中阐述了高级氧化技术的机理，综述了近年来含难降解有机物质的油田废水处理中各种高级氧化（深度氧化）技术的研究与发展情况。目前，高级氧化处理技术主要包括光化学催化法、超声化学氧化法、电催化氧化法、超临界氧化法、Fenton试剂法等，叙述了每种技术的原理、特点、研究进展及用途。已有的研究成果表明：高级氧化技术是处理难生物降解的有毒有害有机物的最有前途，且对环境无二次污染的方法。

Advanced oxidation process is one of physical and chemical treatments, which is of the advantages of high efficiency treatment and disposing the poisonous contaminants thoroughly. The principle of advanced oxidation process is to use the various active free radical to attack the organic macro-molecule and thus to destroy the organic molecular structure in order to attain the aim of removing organic matters with oxidization. It has become a research focus in the treatment of hardly-degradable chemical pollutants in oilfield wastewaters. The mechanism of advanced oxidation process is introduced in this article. The research and development of advanced oxidation processe in recent years for removing hardly-degradable chemical pollutants in oilfield wastewaters from drilling and production are reviewed. At present, the advanced oxidation processes mainly include photochemical catalysis, ultrasonic chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation and oxidation by Fenton reagents. The principles, characteristics, progress and application of every advanced oxidation process are presented. The existing study results show that the advanced oxidation process, which will not contaminate the environment, is a promising method to treat the hardly-degradable poisonous chemical pollutants.