油田用淀粉接枝共聚物研究与应用进展

Progress in research and application of starch graft copolymer used for oilfield

王中华

Wang Zhonghua

中原石油勘探局钻井工程技术研究院，河南　濮阳　457001

Research Institute of Drilling Engineering and Technology, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau, SINOPEC,
Puyang 457001, China

以淀粉等为原料，通过与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、丙烯腈、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、3-甲基丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵等单体接枝共聚，可以得到不同用途的油田化学品。文中主要介绍了油田用淀粉接枝共聚物的研究和应用情况。研究和应用结果表明：淀粉接枝共聚物用作钻井液处理剂，在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和复合盐水钻井液中均具有较强的降滤失能力，以及较好的抗盐抗温能力；淀粉接枝共聚物用作调剖堵水剂，可以与许多交联剂交联形成高黏弹性凝胶体系，且分子结构上柔性侧链与刚性骨架相互渗透，形成具有星型或梳型结构的聚合物，其交联体系具有较强的抗温、抗盐、抗剪切和长期稳定性；淀粉接枝共聚物用作油田水处理絮凝和净化剂，具有来源丰富、价格低廉、可生物降解等特性，且絮凝性强，混凝脱色效果好，具有广阔的应用前景。

With starch as raw materials, by the graft copolymerization with monomers, such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-methylacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, the oilfield chemicals can be got for different purposes. This paper mainly introduces the research and application of starch graft copolymer used for oilfield.　The research and application results show that the starch graft copolymer used as a drilling fluid additives has strong filtration reducing capacity and good salt-resistance and anti-temperature capabilities in fresh water, salt water, saturated brine and composite brine drilling fluid. As the profile control agent and water shutoff agent, the starch graft copolymer can be crosslinked with a number of crosslinking agents to form a high viscoelastic gel system. And the flexible side chains and the rigid framework penetrate with interpenetration, which forms the polymer with star-shaped or comb-type structures. The crosslinked system has strong anti-temperature, salt-resistant, anti-shear properties and long-term stability. Used as the flocculation and purifying agent of oilfield water treatment，the starch graft copolymer is with the features of abundant source and low price, and is biodegradable. That has strong flocculation and the coagulation bleaching effect is good, which has broad application prospects in oilfield.