基于分布式光纤声传感的油气井工程监测技术应用与进展

Application and progress of oil and gas well monitoring techniques based on distributed optical fiber sensing

李晓蓉 刘旭丰 张毅 郭放 王鑫栋 冯永存

LI Xiaorong LIU Xufeng ZHANG Yi GUO Fang WANG Xindong FENG Yongcun

中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院 中国地质调查局中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院

College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China Earth Deep Exploration Center of China Academy of Geological Sciences, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

为保障油气井全生命周期全井段实时监测，引入了分布式光纤传感技术。根据分布式光纤传感技术基本原理将其分为分布式光纤温传感(DTS)技术和分布式光纤声传感 (DAS)技术，并对二者进行了对比，指出DAS技术具有高精度、长距离监测、高信号强度等优点。介绍了分布式光纤声传感技术的监测原理、光纤结构和安装方式，调研了DAS技术在石油领域——地震、油气井生产和注入、水力压裂、生产出砂、管柱泄露、井筒完整性等领域的研究和应用，提出DAS技术将有望成为一种可实时监测油气井全生命周期的经济型监测技术。该研究可为制定合理的开采方案、提高作业的安全性、降低油气田开发成本提供借鉴。

To facilitate the real-time life-cycle full-length monitoring of oil and gas wells, distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing is proposed. Distributed optical fiber sensing is divided into two techniques, namely distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), according to fundamental technical principles. The two techniques were compared, which pointed out the advantages of the DAS, such as high precision, long-distance monitoring, and high signal strength. The monitoring mechanism, optical fiber structure, and installation method were introduced, and a literature review was performed for research and applications of the DAS in fields of the seismic survey, well production and injection, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, pipe leakage, and wellbore integrity. Our research showed that the DAS is a cost-effective promising technique that enables full-lifecycle real-time monitoring of oil and gas wells and it can provide technical support for formulating appropriate development plans, improving operation safety, and reducing development costs.

10.13639/j.odpt.2022.03.007