旋转冲击破岩实验装置的设计与应用

Design and application of experimental apparatus for rock breaking by rotary percussion

玄令超 管志川 呼怀刚 李敬皎

XUAN Lingchao GUAN Zhichuan HU Huaigang LI Jingjiao

中国石油大学华东石油工程学院

Petroleum Engineering College, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao 266580, China

旋转冲击钻井技术是深井、超深井钻井常用的提速措施之一。实践表明，钻压、钻头转速、冲击力与冲击频率是影响旋冲钻井破岩效率的关键参数，优选旋冲钻井参数有助于提高冲击器的破岩提速效果。设计了一种新型旋转冲击破岩实验装置，利用齿形振套的碰撞产生冲击载荷，用地质钻机带动钻头破岩。测量实验表明该装置冲击载荷受弹簧压缩量影响，冲击频率为冲击振套齿数与钻机转速的乘积，冲击过程稳定高效，冲击参数与现场多种旋冲钻井工况有较好的对应。旋冲破岩实验表明旋冲钻井技术可以显著提高钻头破岩速率；提高冲击载荷幅值，能够提高钻头破岩速率。旋冲钻井技术存在最适宜钻压，使用不同类型冲击器钻进不同地层时需要对钻压进行优选。利用该实验装置研究旋冲钻井参数对破岩速率的影响规律，有助于旋冲工具性能参数的设计和优选。

Rotary percussion drilling technology is one of the ways to increase drilling rate in deep wells and super-deep wells. Practice shows that bit pressure, bit speed, impact force and frequency are the critical parameters which affect the rock breaking efficiency of rotary percussion drilling. Optimization of rotary percussion drilling parameter can help improve rock breaking efficiency of percusson impactor. A new type of rotary percussion rock-breaking experimental apparatus was designed, which uses the impact of tooth-like vibrating sleeve to produce impact load and drive the bit to break rocks using geological drilling rig. Measuring experiment shows that the impact load of this apparatus is affected by the amount of spring compression, the impact frequecy is the product of the number of sleeve teeth and rig rotating speed, the percussion process is stable and effective and that the percussion parameters correspond well with various rotary percussion drilling conditions on site. Rotary percussion rock-breakig experiment shows that the rotary percussion drilling technology can remarkaly increase the rock-breaking rate, improve the amplitude of impact load and increase the rock-breaking rate of the bit. There is a optimum bit pressure for rotary percussion drilling technology, so bit pressure should be optimized when different types of inpactors are used to drill different formations. Studying the effect law of rotary percussion drilling parameters on rock breaking rate using this experimental apparatus helps design and optimize the performance parameters of rotary percussion tools.

10.13639/j.odpt.2016.01.010