摘要
纳米机器人是根据分子水平生物学设计制造的在纳米空间进行操作的“功能分子器件”，已广泛应用于医疗和军事领域。近年来提出的采油纳米机器人在驱替过程中，能够了解井间基质、裂缝和流体性质，以及与油气生产相关变化；测量油藏的储层参数、液体参数、流体和地层界面的空间分布等；纳米机器人的作用已被沙特阿美公司2010 年6 月在Arab-D 地层中注入的纳米机器人取得里程碑式的研究进展所证实。但油藏中如何布署纳米机器人、如何对纳米机器人在油藏中进行遥测和定位、纳米机器人如何探测注入（渗流）通道以外的油气资源等问题有待解决和面临着很多挑战。尽管在储层改造、清蜡降黏、油层解堵、原油驱替、污水处理等采油工程技术领域真正应用的纳米机器人还有一段距离，但正是纳米机器人在采油工程领域近乎无限的可能性，有助于延长油井开采时间和减缓油田自然递减，从而展望纳米机器人将会有较好的应用前景。
Abstract
As the functional molecule device designed and manufactured based on the molecular level biology and operated inside Nano-space, Nano-robot has been widely used in such fields as medical care and military affairs. The substrate among wells, cracks, property of fluid and relevant change generated by oil gas could be understood through oil production Nano-robot during displacement process proposed in the recent several years. The reservoir parameters of oil reservoir, liquid parameters, fluid and spatial distribution of formation interface can be measured. The function of Nano-robot was demonstrated by milestone study progress achieved by Saudi Aramco by injecting Nano-robots in Arab-D formation in June 2010. However, the problems on how to arrange Nano-robot in oil reservoir, remote meter and position Nano-robot in oil reservoir and use Nano-robot to detect the oil gas resources beyond injection (transfusion) channel have been encountered and there will be many challenges during the process. Although there is still a long way to use Nano-robot in oil production engineering technical fields such as reservoir reform, paraffin removal, viscosity reduction, oil layer plug removal, crude oil displacement and sewerage treatment, Nano-robot’s infinite possibility in oil production engineering field is beneficial to extending the exploration time of oil well and reducing the natural reduction of oil field, so Nano-robot would have great application prospect.
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