华北油田水力压裂实时预警系统

Real-time warning system for hydraulic fracturing in Huabei Oilfield

余东合 梁海波 余曦 罗炯 车航 刘国华

YU Donghe LIANG Haibo YU Xi LUO Jiong CHE Hang LIU Guohua

华北油田采油工程研究院，河北任丘　062552 西南石油大学，四川成都　610500 中联煤层气有限责任公司，北京　100011

Research Institute of Petroleum Production Engineering, Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China China United Coalbed Methane Co. Ltd., Beijing 100011, China

砂堵是导致水力压裂失败的重要原因之一，为此研发了一套压裂实时监测及预警系统。该系统在实时监测压裂施工关键参数的基础上，通过油压- 时间、套压- 时间双对数曲线的斜率进行压裂实时预警。在调研多口井压裂数据资料的基础上，分析了压力- 时间双对数曲线的3 种模式，通过实时判断当前压裂施工状态处于何种模型进行预测在该模式下可能出现的风险；同时根据成熟的二维裂缝模型PKN、KGD 和Penny 径向模型可以计算出裂缝的缝长和平均缝宽，并以此来确定裂缝走向是否与设计相符；如果发生偏差可以考虑是否要减小动态参数，来改变裂缝走向。现场应用结果表明，该系统集实时监测数据、预警于一体，具有较好的应用价值。

Sand plug is one of the important reasons for failure of hydraulic fracturing, and for this purpose, a set of real-time monitoring and warning system for hydraulic fracturing has been developed. Based on real-time monitoring of key fracturing parameters, this system realizes real-time warning for hydraulic fracturing through double-log slopes of tubing pressure-time and casing pressure –time curves. Based on the analysis of fracturing data from a number of wells, three modes of pressure-time double-log curves were analyzed, so by real-time determining which mode the current fracturing status is in, then the risk which may occur in such mode can be forecasted. Also, according to matured 2D fracture models PKN and KGD as well as Penny radial model, the fracture length and average width can be calculated, which can be used to determine whether the fracture orientation is in compliance with the design. In case of deviation, then dynamic parameters may be reduced to change the fracture orientation. The field application result shows that this system integrates real-time monitoring of data and early warning and is of good application value.

10.13639/j.odpt.2015.02.023