摘要
工厂化作业可以大大提高施工效率、降低施工成本，是目前开发致密气藏的主要趋势。在总结国内外成功经验的基础上，在进行充分的先导试验之后，优选了苏里格气田苏53 区块进行工厂化作业实践：① 200 m×300 m 的大平台分两排共部署13 口井，包括10 口水平井、2 口定向井和1 口直井；② 1 部ZJ30 车载钻机批量打表层，2 部ZJ50 机械钻机批量打直井段、造斜段和水平段；③采用“1+2+2”钻头模板和钻机平移技术，大大缩短了钻井周期；④分别采用段内多裂缝压裂和同步压裂技术对水平井进行体积改造，连续混配技术和速溶瓜胶压裂液体系的研制保证了同步压裂的成功实施。工厂化作业水平井钻井平均机械钻速11.5 m/h，比2012 年提升了4.99 m/h，节约了大量接甩钻具和固井候凝时间，重复利用钻井液 2 100 m3；对13 口井实施的工厂化压裂仅用时13 d，比常规单井压裂缩短了10 d。截止2014 年3 月15 日，平台平均日产97.231×104 m3，累产10 500.17×104 m3，其中同步压裂6 口井平均单井日产9.873×104 m3，效果显著。
Abstract
Factory operation can greatly improve the job efficiency and reduce operation costs and is the main trend in the development of tight gas reservoir. Based on successful experiences both from home and abroad and after sufficient pilot tests, the Su 53 Block of Sulige Gasfield was chosen for this factory operation practice: (1) altogether 13 wells are planned on two sides of a 200 m×300 m large platform, including 10 horizontal wells, 2 directional wells and one straight well; (2) one ZJ30 truck-mounted rig was used to drill surface layers in batches and two ZJ50 mechanical rigs were used to drill the straight hole, building up section and horizontal section in batches; (3) using the ‘1+2+2’ drill bit formwork and rig translation technique, the drilling period has greatly shortened; (4) the in-stage multi-fissure fracturing and synchronous fracturing techniques were used respectively to realize volume transformation to the horizontal well, and the development of continuous mixing technique and instant guar fracturing fluid system ensured the successful implementation of synchronous fracturing. The result shows that the average penetration rate in horizontal well was 11.5 m/h, up by 4.99 m/h compared with that in 2012, saving a lot of time of picking up and laying down the tools and cement freeze waiting, and 2 100 m3 drilling fluid was repeatedly used. The factory fracturing of 13 wells only took 13 days, 10 days less than conventional single well fracturing. By March 15, 2014, the average daily production of the platform was 97.231×104 m3, and its cumulative production was 10 500.17×104 m3, of which the average daily production of single well of the six wells was 9.873×104 m3, producing remarkable effect.
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