井眼防碰技术存在的问题及主动防碰方法探讨

Discussion on problems of wellbore anti-collision technology and active anti-collision methods

刘永旺 管志川 史玉才 魏凯 张苏 邵冬冬

LIU Yongwang GAUN Zhichuan SHI Yucai WEI Kai ZHANG Su SHAO Dongdong

中国石油大学石油工程学院，山东青岛　266555

College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China

意外的井眼交碰会为人类及环境带来潜在的甚至灾难性的后果，为减小此类事故的发生提出了井眼防碰技术，该技术在钻井应用中效果较差。结合井眼轨迹测量及计算理论与实践，对现有防碰技术进行了分析，得出导致井眼防碰工作失败的因素包括施工井随钻测斜数据存在误差，邻井轨迹参数精度低、失真或缺失，轨迹拟合方法过于理想化，防碰扫描方法存在缺陷等4方面。基于低精度的数据，过于理想化的轨迹拟合方法拟合出的井眼轨迹偏离实钻井眼轨迹，防碰扫描出的失真的轨迹间的相对关系难以等同于实钻轨迹间的相对关系。为此，提出了主动防碰理念, 认为主动防碰方法将成为未来井眼防碰技术的发展方向，并列举了3种可能解决防碰问题的主动防碰方案，即声波探测防碰技术方案、电磁波探测防碰技术方案、射线探测防碰技术方案，并就这几种方法的原理及优劣性进行了介绍。

Wellbore collision may bring the potentially catastrophic results to human and environment. The wellbore anti-collision technology in order to reduce such accidents is difficult to meet the current needs of field drilling. Through the analysis of present anti-collision technology based on the trajectory measurement and calculation theory and practice, four factors could be concluded causing the failure of wellbore anti-collision, which were big data error of survey steering, low accuracy or loss of adjacent well trajectory data, over-idealized path matching method, and defect of scanning method for anti-collision. The well trajectory matched by the low accuracy parameter and the over-idealized matching method could not meet the actual one. Therefore, the concept of active anti-collision was put forward, and it could be the development tendency of anti-collision technology in the future. Three possible active anti-collision programs were listed, which were acoustic wave detection anti-collision program, electromagnetic wave detection anti-collision program, and ray detection anti-collision program. And the principle and the advantages and disadvantages of the programs were illustrated.