深海石油钻采技术

Deepwater petroleum drilling and production technology

张喜顺 李敬元 张向华 李子丰 董世民

ZHANG Xishun LI Jingyuan ZHANG Xianghua LI Zifeng DONG Shimin

燕山大学，河北秦皇岛　066004 中海油能源发展监督监理公司，天津　320045

Yanshan university , Qinhuangdao 066004, China CnooC energy Technology &

中国能源消耗剧增，供给不足，深海勘探开发势在必行。介绍了国外海上钻井技术的发展概况，提出了国内深海 钻采面临的各种困难；概括了半潜式钻采平台、深水钻井船、浮式生产储油卸油装置、张力腿平台、深吃水柱筒式平台5 种深海钻采平台的特点，并对国内选取平台提出了一些建议；总结了4 种深海开发模式，根据国内实际海洋开发环境建议选用 “FDPP+WHXT+ FPSO/FSO”模式比较合理；最后展望了深海钻采技术的发展趋势——大型化，先进化，联合化，可燃冰也将成 为新的关注热点。学习国外先进技术和走自主开发的路线是国内深海石油钻采技术发展的必然选择。

In China, energy resources consumption increases considerably, but the energy supply is insuficient, so it is necessary tocarry out exploration and development in deepwater. This paper introduces the development of the drilling technology offshore abroad, shows the dificulties in deepwater drilling and production in China, summarizes the features of ive sorts of drilling and production plat- forms, i.e., semi-submerged platforms, deepwater drilling vessels, loating production storage ofloading devices, tension leg platforms and spars, and also gives some advices in selecting platforms, generalizes four development modes in deepwater. It is considered that the “FDPP+WHXT+FPSO/FSO” mode is reasonable according to the actual development environment in deepwater. At last, the develop- ment trend of the drilling and production technology in deepwater is prospected---large-scale, advanced, combined. Combustible ice will become a new focus. It is an inevitable choice to learn from foreign advanced technologies and follow the path of self-development.