浅气层井控技术

The well control technology of shallow gas layer

黄守国 李金炭 梁晶 李沈阳 张振海 马建军 宛克

HUANG Shouguo LI Jintan LIANG Jing LI Shenyang ZHANG Zhenhai MA Jianjun WAN Ke

渤海石油职业学院，河北任丘　062552 华北油田公司，河北任丘　062552 天津石油职业技术学院，天津　301607 渤海钻探公司华北第一钻井工程公司，河北廊坊　065007

Bohai Petroleum Vocational Colloge, Renqiu 062552, China Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, China Tianjin Petroleum Vocational and Technical College, Tianjin 301607, China Huabei No.1 Drilling Engineering Company, Bohai Drilling Company, Langfang 065007, China

浅气层埋藏浅、危险系数大，井控难度大，一旦井喷容易憋裂地层，造成失控着火、人员伤亡、污染环境等。为做好井控工作，保证钻井施工的顺利进行，对近几年发生的井喷失控事故案例进行了分析研究，总结了浅气层井控的原因和危害，提出设计之前应弄清是否含有浅气层，施工中要根据直接或间接显示迅速发现井内异常情况，有效地把井控的各种困难减小到最小程度，阐明了浅气层的处理方法以及几种压井方法。指出浅气层井控要在一次控制上下工夫，在施工中，应密切监控井下情况，迅速准确地发现井内异常情况，有效地把溢流、地面压力及井控的各种困难减到最小，杜绝井喷事故的发生。该研究对进一步深化和完善井控理论研究和现场应用具有重要意义。

The shallow gas layer features in shallow burial depth, high risk coefficients, and difficult well control. Once well blowout occurs, the formation will crack, resulting in well control loss and fire hazard, casualties, and environmental pollution. In order to do well in well control and guarantee successful drilling, the author in this paper conducts research and analyzes the cases of well blowout occurred in the past few years, illustrating the causes and harm of well control in the sallow gas layer. It is proposed that you should be clear whether there is shallow gas or not before designing. During operation, abnormality in well should be discovered rapidly according to direct or indirect indication, so as to minimize all difficulties in well control. Besides, the shallow gas treatment method and several well kissing techniques are revealed. It is considered that emphasis should be laid on primary control. During operation, urgent attention should be paid to the downhole conditions, finding out abnormality in well soon and accurately, minimizing the difficulties in overflow, surface pressure, and well control, and preventing well blowout. This is of important practical significance to improving the theoretical research on well control and its field application.