化学剂强化稠油水热裂解降黏研究进展

Progress in enhancing viscosity reduction of heavy oil by aquathermolysis with chemicals

胡绍彬 刘永建 闻守斌 郑恒毅 殷娇

HU Shaobin LIU Yongjian WEN Shoubin ZHENG Hengyi YIN Jiao

大庆石油学院提高油气采收率教育部重点实验室，黑龙?大庆　163318 大庆油田有限责任公司第二采油厂，黑龙?大庆　163414

Key Laboratory for Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of the Ministry of Education, Daqing Petroleum Institute, Daqing 163318, China No.2 Oil Production Plant, Daqing Oilfield Company Limited, Daqing 163414, China

介绍了稠油水热裂解反应及其机理。基于反应机理讨论了化学剂对稠油水热裂解降黏的强化作用，并从催化剂、供氢体、助剂等方面综述了国内外关于用化学剂强化稠油水热裂解降黏的研究情况。指出了用化学剂强化稠油水热裂解降黏的研究方向：以具体油藏矿物和稠油为基础，研发价格低、活性高、选择性高、反应条件宽的稠油水热裂解反应催化剂；寻找供氢效果好、来源广、可工业化应用的供氢体；优选合适的助剂，如表面活性剂，发挥乳化降黏等协同作用；与油藏堵水调剖技术相结合，充分发挥外加化学剂的作用。

This paper first introduces the aquathermolysis of heavy oil and its reaction mechanism, and based upon which discusses the enhanced effect of chemical agents on the aquathermolysis. It continues to review the research progress at home and abroad using catalyst, hydrogen donor and additives to enhance viscosity reduction of heavy oil by aquathermolysis. Finally the paper points out that the research trends are; developing cheap catalyst with high activity, selectivity and broad reaction condition on the basis of specific reservoir mineral and heavy oil, seeking for high efficient hydrogen donor with rich sources and industrialization prospect, selection of optimum additives like surfactant to make full use of the synergetic effect such as emulsification-viscosity-reduction, combination with the technologies of water shut-off and profile control to give full play to the function of chemical agents.