Title

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NOZZLE STRUCTURE ON WATERJET CHARACTERISTICS

作者

易灿李根生

Authors

Yi Can Li Gensheng

单位

石油大学石油工程学院, 山东东营 257061 石油大学石油天然气工程学院, 北京 102249

摘要

自20世纪70年代以来,高压水射流技术已在各工业领域逐渐得到了广泛应用,但迄今仍未能大规模采用,原因是还存在一些有待解决的问题,其中最为迫切的就是如何提高喷嘴射流效率、充分利用其能量的问题。喷嘴是水射流技术应用中获得高能量利用率的关键因素之一,其结构好坏直接影响射流质量。为充分发挥喷嘴最大效率,最大限度地利用水力能量,国内外有关专家从理论分析、数值计算和实验研究3个方面对喷嘴结构与高压射流特性的关系进行了研究分析,结果表明喷嘴结构对射流流动特性、冲蚀性能、空化现象等产生重要影响,指出提高喷嘴效率应当着眼于以下几个方面:加强基础研究;改变射流作用方式、将连续射流调制成脉动射流;充分利用空化空泡破裂压力,研制开发优质喷嘴,以期对拓宽水射流技术在工业中的应用有所帮助。

Abstract

Nozzle is one of key factors to obtain high energy efficiency in water jets applications, which indirectly influences effect of water jet. In order to utilizing hydraulic energy and improve jets efficiency, a survey of the literature on nozzle configuration and its influence on jet characteristics was summarized in theorization, numerical simulation and test. The survey reveals nozzle configuration strongly influencing jet flow characteristics, erosion efficiency and cavitation. According to the investigation, the paper suggests that strengthening basic studies, changing jets acting manners and adjusting continue jets to impulse jets, should be emphasized for improving nozzle efficiencies. Also, there will be benefit to widen jets industrial applications by taking advantage of high pressure due to bubbles breaking in cavitation jets, and developing new high efficient nozzles.

关键词：

喷嘴; 高压射流; 空化; 流场;

Keywords:

nozzle; high pressure jet; cavitation; flow field;

基金项目

DOI

10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2005.01.005

喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究