钻井液研究与使用应考虑的环境问题

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF DRILLING FLUID

马文臣 易绍金

Ma Wenchen Yi Shaojin

玉门石油管理局炼化总厂 江汉石油学院化学工程系

在深井钻井和海洋钻井中,钻井液中的各种化学添加剂和油基钻井液用量日益增多,对自然生态环境造成一定的危害。现在世界各国环境保护日益受到重视,这对钻井液体系及其添加剂的研究和使用提出了新的要求与挑战。钻井液及其添加剂的危害,主要表现在所含物质有毒和难生物降解,评价方法主要是采用生物毒性测试和生物降解性测试。对生物毒性测试,文中主要介绍了美国石油学会(API)制定的钻井液96h生物鉴定试验、加拿大的显微毒性试验和其它生物毒性试验,以及生物降解性试验。

More and more various chemical additives in drilling fluid and oil base drilling fluid are used in deep well drilling and off shore drilling. This resulted in a certain degree of damage to natural ecological environment. The world paid more and more attention to the environmental protection now. So new requirements and challenges are raised for the research and application of drilling fluid system and its additives. The damage of drilling fluid and its additives mostly reflect poisonous substances in them and their abiodegradation. The evaluation method is mainly to use biological toxicity test and biodegradation test. For biological toxicity test, this paper introduced 96h biological appraisal test stipulated by API,microtoxicity test of Canada and other biological toxicity test as well as blodegradation test on the whole.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1998.03.008