高压水射流破岩钻孔的实验研究

RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENT OF DRILLING HOLE UTILIZING HIGH PRESSURE WATER JET FLOW

王瑞和 沈忠厚 周卫东

Wang Ruihe Shen Zhonghou Zhou Weidong

石油大学·华东

高压水射流很早就被证明是一种潜力巨大、高效及方便的破岩钻孔工具和方法。但单喷嘴普通射流的冲击破碎面积小,喷嘴旋转系统不可靠性,限制了它的实际应用。本文根据石油钻井技术发展的需要,用特殊方法设计出带有导向元件的喷嘴,调制出旋转射流,在室内进行了一系列实验。实验结果表明,该旋转射流可以产生足够大的冲击面积,钻出比喷嘴直径大40多倍的孔眼。其破若以剪切破碎为主,破岩效率是普通喷嘴的数10倍,破岩门限压力仅为普通射流的1/2左右。地面钻孔试验结果,证实了旋转射流具有破岩成孔能力。

Using high pressure water jet flow to drill hole is a high efficiency and easy operating method and tool. Due to single jet nozzle produce small impacting area on rocks and jet nozzle rotate system unreliable,it is limited in application. This poper introduces the research work and labotatory experiments about jet nozzle specially designed with guiding parts that can adjust rotating jet. The results of experiments have shown rotating jet system can produce enough impacting area and make diameters of hole larger than nozzle’s one by 40 and because the failure of rock is shear manner,the efficiency of rock failure is more than 10 times of conventional one,and its threshold pressure is about as half as conventional one. The experiments of drilling hole on surface show the rotating jet system has ability to make rock failure and drilling hole.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.1995.01.004