理想化的研究方法

RESEARCH METHOD OF IDEALIZATION

贺自爱

He Zi'ai

理想化的方法是使认识转化、深化的研究方法之一,有两种形式:一是模式法;二是理想实验法。二者的共同特点:一是理想状态;二是舍弃、抽取的简化形式;三是高度抽象;四是具有预测功能。这些特征与实际剖面大相径庭,混淆界线以实际剖面代替模式的作法是错误的、有害的,是对模式法作用的贬低。理想化方法为逻辑方法,但却是形象思维与抽象思维的结合。构思阶段以发散思维、类比思维为主导;构建阶段以批判思维、立体思维、抽象思维为主导。

Idealized research method is an approach of knowledge transforming and deepening, which has two forms:mode method and ideal experiment method. The common features of both methods are:a ideal state; a simplified form of abandonment and abstract; a high degree of abstract and predictive function. These features differ greatly from actural section. Replacing the mode by actural section is incorrect and harmful, and also a depreciation to the mode method.Though idealized method is an logical one, it is the combination of thinking in image and abstract thinking. The conception stage is dominated by diverging thinking and analogy thinking; the construction stage is dominated by criticizing thinking, stereoscopic and abstract thinking.

10.11743/ogg19990422