塔里木多旋回盆地与复式油气系统

COMPLEX PETROLEUM SYSTEM AND MULTICYCLE BASIN IN TARIM

何治亮 毛洪斌 周晓芬 龚铭 佘小宇

He Zhiliang Mao Hongbin Zhou Xiaofeng Gong Ming She Xiaoyu

长距离漂移的小板块、条块分割的基底结构和相邻板块的复杂作用控制了塔里木盆地多旋回的演化历史。自塔里木运动后,盆地经历了古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋、中特提斯洋、新特提斯洋四大演化阶段,形成了多种原型盆地和统一、分割、又统一的叠加过程以及多变的热体制。多旋回盆地演化形成了复式油气系统。多套烃源、多个生烃坳陷和多期生烃构成了复式烃源;原生、次生孔隙型储层与“改造型”储层构成了复式储集空间;多套盖层与异常压力带构成了复式封盖系统;不整合、断裂、输导层和汇烃脊构成了复杂的输导网络;联合复合变形作用与沉积、成岩作用形成了复式圈闭系统;油气形成后的改造、重建封闭和保存导致了复杂的成藏史,形成了一些复式油气聚集带。基于上述认识,塔里木盆地今后油气勘探应立足于已知油气田,扩大储产规模,形成规模效应;积极向外拓展,争取战略突破;探索新类型、新层位、新深度,拓宽勘探领域;完善一批关键技术,攻克一批特殊目标,实现储、产量的快速增长。

The evolution history of multicycle in Tarim Basin is determined by long distance drifted small plates,complicated basement and complex tectomic activities of the neighbouring plates.The basin underwent four evolution stages such as Paleoasian Ocean,Paleotithys Ocean,Mesotithys Ocean and Neotethys Ocean,which resulted in a milti-prototype basins,the superimposition in which the basin united as a whole at first,then disintegrated later and reunited again at last with variable thermal regime.The multicyclic evolution of the basin resulted in multiple petroleum system,multi set of souce rocks,multiple oil generating depression,multi-stage of oil generation,multi-type of reservoiring spaces,multi-type of sealing and covering system,complex passage networks and multi-type of trap system.The reformation,resealing and preservationg of post formation of oil and gas led to complicated hydrocarbon pool-forming history in multiple hydrocarbon accumulation belts.On this basis,oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin from now on should aim at the discovered oil and gas fields,increase reserves and expand exploration realm.

10.11743/ogg20000305