中国含油气盆地的多种生烃机制

MULTI-MECHANISM OF HYDROCARBON GENERATION OF CHINA'S PETROLIFEROUS BASINS

郭占谦 杨兴科

Guo Zhanqian Yang Xingke

中国含油气盆地的生烃机制因生烃物质来源不同,可分为有机生烃、无机生烃及合成生烃机制。有机生烃除常规的区带生烃模式外,应对灶体生烃模式及催化生烃模式引起足够的重视。灶体生烃模式是指高温岩浆喷出或侵入沉积层之上、之中或之下,加速沉积体中有机质的成熟作用。目前已知元素Pd,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu等能使有机碳更多的与氢结合生成更多的烃类,我国的松辽盆地、大港和新疆油田等地区可能存在这种催化生烃现象。无机生烃的重要标志是甲烷同系物碳同位素比值出现反序现象,塔里木及松辽盆地存在此类生烃机制。实验结果表明 :以熔融铁作媒介,CO 和H 可以合成烷烃类物质。地下深处的玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩和橄榄岩与实验室条件下的熔融铁类似。因此,在地球深处应存在合成生烃机制。

The hydrocarbon generation mechanism of China's petroliferous basins could be divided into organic mechanism,inorganic mechanism and synthetic mechamism due to their sources.Excepting zonal hydrocarbon generation model,kitchen and catalytic models of organic hydrocarbon generation mechanism should be taken into considerable account.The kitchen model means that the eruption and intrusion of igneous magma resulted in the acceleration of maturation of organic matter in sediments.Calalytic model means that elements such as Pd,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu etc.could improve the combination of carbon and hydrogen and produce more hydrocarbon.This calalytic model might exist in Songliao Basin,Dagang and Xinjiang Oilfields.The important indication of inorganic hydrocarbon generation mechanism is the antitone of carbon isotopic ratio in methan homologue,this has been proved in Tarim and Songliao Basins.Experiment results indicate that CO and H could be synthesized into methane hydrocarbon with melten iron as medium.Basalt,olivine basalt and peridotite buried in deep strata may act just as the melten iron in laboratory.Therefore,there should be the case of synthetic hydrocarbon generation mechanism in deep of the earth.

10.11743/ogg20000112