有机油气形成的影响因素——模拟实验的研究进展

Factors affecting generation of organic-origin petroleum:development of simulating experimental study

陈晋阳 张红 肖万生 翁克难 郑海飞 曾贻善

Chen Jinyang Zhang Hong Xiao Wansheng Weng Kenan Zheng Haifei Zeng Yishan

地球上的油气资源主要是由地球深部的有机质热裂解形成,近年来的模拟实验对其机理获得很多认识,表明了有机质类型、温度、压力、催化作用以及水介质都对油气产物的特征存在影响。压力增加可能会阻碍或延迟有机质的热演化和裂解;水是热裂解反应的氢源和氧源;催化作用不仅可以改变产物的组成特征,而且对反应机理存在影响。动力学因素也是影响有机质裂解反应的一个很重要的方面,为不同烃源岩的判识提供了一种新思路,并建议进一步开展对更高压力下有机质的热演化机制、特征的实验模拟研究。

Petroleum resources in the earth have been formed mainly through pyrolysis of organic matters in deeper part of the earth.In recent years, many understandings of the mechanism have been achieved through simulating experiments.Types of organic matters,temperature,pressure,catalysis and aqueous medium all have influences on the properties of hydrocarbons generated.Increase of pressure can impede or delay thermal evolution and pyrolysis of organic maters;water is the source of hydrogen and oxygen for pyrolysis reaction;and catalysis can not only change components of reaction products, but also influence the reaction mechanism.Kinetics is also an important factor influencing pyrolysis of organic matters,which provides a new way to identify various source rocks.In the future,attentions should be paid to the study of characteristics of pyrolysis of organic matters under higher pressure condition,and the development and application of field experimental apparatus.

10.11743/ogg20040302