塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化

Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin

何登发 贾承造 德生 张朝军 孟庆任 石昕

He Dengfa Jia Chengzao Li Desheng Zhang Chaojun Meng Qingren Shi Xin

塔里木盆地是在前震旦纪陆壳基底上发展起来的大型复合叠合盆地。盆地的形成经历了震旦纪—中泥盆世、晚泥盆世—三叠纪和侏罗纪—第四纪3个伸展-聚敛旋回演化阶段。震旦纪到中泥盆世(古亚洲洋阶段或原特提斯洋阶段),盆地经历了陆内裂谷-被动大陆边缘盆地-前陆盆地发展旋回;晚泥盆世到三叠纪(古特提斯洋阶段),塔西南边缘经历了陆内裂谷/被动大陆边缘盆地-弧后伸展盆地-弧后前陆盆地发展旋回;侏罗纪到第四纪(新特提斯洋阶段),盆地经历了陆内裂谷(坳陷)-挤压调整作用-晚期前陆型盆地发展旋回。陆内裂谷(坳陷)-挤压调整作用出现了3个次级旋回。伸展期原型盆地地层层序较稳定,聚敛期原型盆地地层侧向变化大。盆地演化与构造体制转换的地球动力学过程与方式决定了盆地具有复杂的叠加地质结构,制约着油气聚集与分布的基本特点。

Tarim Basin is a large composite and superimposed sedimentary basin developed on the basement of pre-Sinian continental crust. It has undergone three mega-cycles of extension and convergence that separately occurred in Sinian-Middle Devonian, Late Devonian-Triassic and Jurassic-Quaternary. During Sinian to Middle Devonian, i.e. the period of paleo-Asian ocean or proto-Tethyan ocean, it experienced the developmental cycle of intracontinental rift-passive epicontinental basin-foreland basin. From Late Devonian to Triassic, the period of paleo-Tethyan ocean ocean, the southwestern margin of Tarim experienced the developmental cycle of intracontinental rift/passive epicontinental basin-back-arc extensional basin-back-arc foreland basin. From Jurassic to Quaternary, the period of neo-Tethyan ocean, it experienced the developmental cycle of intracontinental rift/depression-compressional adjustment-late foreland basin. There were three secondary cycles during the intracontinental rift/depression-compressional adjustment period. Stratigraphic sequences of the prototype basin in the extensional stage are much more continuous, while those in the convergence stage are characterized by large lateral variation. The complex and superimposed geologic configuration of the basin had been determined by the geodynamic process and pattern of the basin evolution, as well as by the tectonic framework transformation, which would control the basic characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution.

10.11743/ogg20050109