塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨

A discussion on main factors controlling deep carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin

张涛 闫相宾

Zhang Tao Yan Xiangbin

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层具有时代老、埋藏深、类型多以及成因复杂的特点。通过分析岩溶型、礁滩型、白云岩型、裂缝型储层特征与成因机理,探讨储层非均质性的控制因素。认为有利沉积相是优质储层发育的物质基础,层序界面控制早期孔隙的形成,古隆起及构造运动控制岩溶型、礁滩型储层的发育及保存,埋藏溶蚀作用对储层的后期改造是形成优质储层的关键。在分析控制因素的基础上,进一步指出岩溶型储层主要受构造抬升、古地貌与古水文体系的控制,礁滩型储层受控于台地边缘高能相带,白云岩储层主要发育在不整合面之下,裂缝储层是多期构谴运动的产物。结合宏观地质背景,认为岩溶裂缝型储层、礁滩相储层、内幕白云岩储层是塔里木盆地有利勘探领域。

The carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim basin are characterized by old age,deep burial,various types and complex genesis.Through analyzing the characteristics and genetic mechanisms of karst reservoirs,reef-bank reservoirs,dolomite reservoirs and fractured reservoirs,this paper discusses the main factors controlling reservoir heterogeneities.It concludes that favorable sedimentary facies was the material base for forming excellent reservoirs,sequence boundaries controlled the early formation of pores,paleouplifts and tectonic movements determined the development and preservation of the karst and reef-bank reservoirs,and later modification by burial and denudation was critical to the formation of quality reservoirs.On the basis of controlling factor analysis,the paper further suggests that the karst reservoirs were mainly controlled by tectonic uplifting,palaeo-geomorphology and palaeo-drainage system,the reef-bank reservoirs were controlled by the edge high energy facies on platform edge,the dolomite reservoirs mainly developed under the unconformity,and the fracture reservoirs were the products of multiphase tectonic movements.Combining with macro geological background,the fractured karst reservoirs,reef-bank reservoirs,and inner dolomite reservoirs are recognized as favorable exploration targets in Tarim basin.

10.11743/ogg20070607