摘要
裂缝介质的岩石物理建模及其地震响应特征分析，是利用地震资料进行裂缝性储层预测的重要基础，通过岩石物理建模可以建立起有效的地震反演及储层描述方法。针对非常规页岩油气储层具有的水平层理缝特征，开展了岩石物理建模方法及其地震响应特征研究。利用实际岩样数据与测井数据，采用Voigt-Reuss-Hill（VRH）边界和等效自相容近似（SCA）理论，将非粘土、粘土、孔隙和流体进行组合得到岩石背景介质；结合实际裂缝产状和发育规律信息，通过Chapman多尺度裂缝岩石物理模型引入水平层理缝；采用传播矩阵方法正演得到地震响应。基于此，结合实际工区资料，形成了一套基于多尺度裂缝岩石物理模型的水平层理缝建模方法及技术流程，并在江汉油田页岩油储层中进行了应用研究。正演结果表明：页岩储层的水平层理缝较发育，地震响应具有明显的频变特征，而且水平层理缝的裂缝长度与裂缝密度是影响其地震各向异性最重要的参数，以上参数可以很好地应用于水平层理缝地震预测中。
Abstract
Petrophysical modeling of fractures and its seismic response characterisitics serve as an important fundation for the fractured reservoir prediction using seismic data, for which we may propose effective seismic inversion and reservoir characterizing methods.With regard to the horizontal bedding-parallel fractures in unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs, we conducted a study on the petrophysical modeling and its seismic response characteristics.We obtained the rock background media by integrating non-clay and clay minerals, pores and fluids, using actual sample testing and well-logging data, also adopting both the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) method and self-consistent approximation (SCA) theory.Combined with the information of actual fracture occurence and growth patterns, we estalished the petrophysical modeling of horizontal bedding-parallel fractures based on the Chapman's petrophysical modeling of multi-scale fractures.Finally, the seismic responses were generated using propogator matrix modeling.In combining the above-mentioned test data and the field data, we proposed a workflow of petrophysical modeling of horizontal bedding-parallel fractures based on the petrophysical model of multi-scale fractures, and applied it to the shale reservoirs in the Jianghan oilfield.The forward modeling results show that the horizontal bedding-parallel fractures were well developed in the shale reservoirs, and the seismic responses are significantly frequency-dependent.Meanwhile, the fracture length and density, major target parameters for seismic prediction of horizontal bedding-parallel fractures, are the most important parameters inducing seismic anisotropy.
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