摘要
海相深层油气是国际上普遍关注的重大领域。经过长期的勘探实践，尽管中国的石油公司在四川和塔里木盆地海相深层-超深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探中取得了重大突破，在四川盆地及周缘海相深层页岩气勘探上也取得了重要进展，但仍然存在许多科学与技术问题需要继续攻关解决。文中对中国海相深层油气富集机理与勘探开发研究现状、关键技术瓶颈与基础科学问题进行了系统分析，提出应该从国家资源战略需求出发，立足于上扬子、塔里木和华北三大克拉通盆地原型-改造作用分析进行相关研究：1）针对海相深层碳酸盐岩油气和深层页岩气富集与流动机理、深层复杂构造成像与多类型储层预测原理、高温高压深层钻完井工程与控制原理等关键科学问题，开展多学科交叉融合和技术集成研究；2）在油气成藏与流动开采机理研究方面，加强成盆-成岩-成储-成烃-成藏的全要素和从地质-人文时间尺度的全过程动态分析，构建海相深层常规-非常规油气有序成藏模式和烃类流动模式，为油气资源潜力评价和有利区带预测奠定基础；3）针对海相深层油气勘探所面临的低信噪比、低分辨率、低成像精度及低保真度等主要地球物理问题，应该从深层复杂构造成像与复杂储集层预测两个方面，加强宽频地震采集、复杂储集层岩石物理建模、高精度叠前保幅成像、复杂储集层综合评价等技术的攻关；4）针对海相深层层系多、非均质性强和高温高压等特点，重点解决与超深井提速和井筒完整性等相关的突出工程技术问题。
Abstract
Deep marine petroleum reservoirs draw great attention from the oil and gas industry around the world.Despite exploration breakthroughs made in deep and ultra-deep marine carbonate strata in Sichuan and Tarim Basins, Chinese oil companies are still facing many scientific and technologic challenges.This manuscript provides a review of research advances, technological bottlenecks and basic scientific problems relating to the deep marine petroleum accumulations and their exploitation in China; and, to meet the requirement of the national resource strategy, proposes to carry out studies based on analyses of the prototypes and transformation of the Upper Yangtze, Tarim and North China cratons.The studies include integrated multidisciplinary programs on petroleum accumulation and flow mechanisms in deep marine carbonate reservoirs and deep shale gas reservoirs, geophysical theories and methods for imaging and predicting complicated deep reservoirs, and new protocols and downhole tools for deep well drilling and completion.A strengthened analysis of the total factor and life cycle of basin formation, diagenesis, reservoir formation, hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, over a geological and human time scale, is also recommended to help establishing geological models of accumulation and transportation of conventional and unconventional oil and gas in deep marine strata for more reliable petroleum resource assessment and exploration prospect prediction.Future researches are suggested to be focused on solving key geophysical problems, including the low signal-to-noise ratio, low resolution, low imaging accuracy, and low amplitude-preservation, in the exploration of deep marine reservoirs.It calls for efforts made in the imaging and prediction of complicated deep structures and reservoirs, through enhanced technologies such as broad band seismic acquisition, complex structure modelling, anisotropic pre-stack depth migration(PSDM), and quantitative assessment of complicated reservoirs.Such engineering challenges in deep marine reservoirs as how to speed up drilling and maintain wellbore integrity are also suggested to be dealt with first as most of the reservoirs are featured in multiple production zones, strong heterogeneity, and high temperature and high pressure.
论文详情