细粒沉积学研究进展与发展方向

Advances and trends of fine-grained sedimentology

朱如凯 李梦莹 杨静儒 张素荣 蔡毅 曹琰 康缘

Rukai Zhu Mengying Li Jingru Yang Surong Zhang Yi Cai Yan Cao Yuan Kang

细粒沉积岩在全球不同地质时代广泛分布，约占全球各类沉积岩分布的2/3以上。细粒沉积学是研究细粒沉积岩的物质成分、结构构造、分类和成因、沉积过程与分布模式的基础学科。细粒沉积岩的形成与分布受构造沉积背景、物源、气候变化、水动力条件、火山活动、海底（湖底）热液活动等影响，时空变化大，有机质分布非均质性强，纹层结构及组合类型差异大，确定不同水体环境有机质形成和保存作用机理、纹层结构成因类型及沉积动力条件、沉积模式是其关键科学问题。近年来，在细粒沉积岩石学及分类系统、层序地层格架与时空分布、沉积古水深与古环境、纹层结构及组合类型、泥页岩实验沉积学与沉积动力条件、有机质富集主控因素等方面取得了重要进展。未来将重点关注术语规范与分类、页岩层系旋回地层与层序地层格架、古气候与沉积模式、有机质富集机理、纹层类型及组合的微观观察与宏观分布的测井评价预测等方面研究。细粒沉积学的发展，对于盆地内富有机质页岩分布预测、页岩油气甜点段/区评价有重要的指导意义，将推动常规和非常规油气勘探进入新阶段。

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in strata of different geological times and account for approximately two thirds of sedimentary rocks around the globe. Fine-grained sedimentology is a scientific discipline that studies the composition， structure， classification and genesis， sedimentary process and distribution pattern of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Under the control of tectonic sedimentary background， provenance， climate change， hydrodynamic conditions， volcanic and submarine hydrothermal activities， the rocks vary greatly in terms of age and space， organic matter abundance and lamina structure and combinations， thus making the key issues to the discipline the determination of formation and preservation mechanisms of organic matter， the genesis of lamina structures， the sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions and the sedimentary models in different water environments. Recent major progresses have been made in fine-grained sedimentary petrology and classification， sequence stratigraphic framework setup and temporal/spatial distribution studies， palaeo-water depth and palaeo-environment reconstruction， lamina structure and combination analyses， experimental sedimentology and depositional dynamic condition restoration for shale， as well as establishment of organic matter enrichment mechanisms and depositional models. The future trends of the discipline include the standardization and classification of terminology， the establishment of chronostratigraphic framework for shale， correlation of palaeo-climate and sedimentary models， the determination of organic matter enrichment as well as micro observation and logging evaluation and prediction of macro-distribution of lamina types and combinations. The development of fine-grained sedimentology is of important guiding significance for the distribution prediction of organic-rich shale and the evaluation of shale oil and gas sweet spots/areas， thus further promote the conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration.

10.11743/ogg20220201