中国陆相页岩油分类及其意义

Classification of lacustrine shale oil reservoirs in China and its significance

金之钧 张谦 朱如凯 董琳 付金华 刘惠民 云露 刘国勇 黎茂稳 赵贤正 王小军 胡素云 唐勇 白振瑞 孙冬胜 李晓光

Zhijun JIN Qian ZHANG Rukai ZHU Lin DONG Jinhua FU Huimin LIU Lu YUN Guoyong LIU Maowen LI Xianzheng ZHAO Xiaojun WANG Suyun HU Yong TANG Zhenrui BAI Dongsheng SUN Xiaoguang LI

中国陆相页岩油资源潜力巨大，是中国常规油气的重要战略接替资源。然而，陆相页岩油研究基础薄弱、成因和富集机理不清、“甜点”评价难度较大且标准不一，严重制约着这些资源的开发利用。基于前人研究成果，立足于勘探开发实际，建立了一套简化的陆相页岩油分类评价标准。依据页岩油储集岩石类型和赋存空间，将其分为夹层型、裂缝型和纯页岩型，重点讨论了纯页岩型页岩油。依据纯页岩型页岩油的沉积构造，将其划分为纹层状、层状和块状页岩油。划分方案中未将岩石颗粒粒径作为划分页岩油类型的参数，但保留了传统矿物三端元大类及混合类，去除了进一步细分的亚类。同时，用岩石热解滞留烃含量（）代替了有机质丰度和成熟度指标，将页岩油划分为低含油、中等含油和高含油3类。另外，将地层压力系数小于0.8划分为异常低压、0.8 ~ 1.2划分为正常压力、大于1.2划分为异常高压，原油黏度不参与页岩油类型划分。依据研究划分方案给出了陆相页岩油一类、二类和三类甜点的定义，并分析讨论了中国典型陆相盆地代表性页岩油地层。期望利用该页岩油分类方案，进一步明确陆相页岩油甜点评价标准、认识甜点岩石类型、预测甜点分布特征以及更加准确计算页岩油资源量，从而简化实际勘探开发工作流程进而起到更好指导生产的作用。

China has significant potential for the exploration of lacustrine shale oil， which serves as an important alternative resource for conventional oil and gas. However， the development and recovery of lacustrine shale oil face significant constraints due to the lack of fundamental research， unclear mechanisms of its formation and accumulation， and the absence of standardized criteria for evaluating “sweet spots”. To address these issues， the authors proposed a set of simplified standards for lacustrine shale oil classification， taking into account previous research and the practical conditions of exploration and development. Based on the storage space and type of reservoir rocks， shale oil reservoirs are commonly classified into three major types， namely interbedded sand-shale， fractured shale， and pure shale， with the last type being taken as the focus of discussion in this paper. The pure shale type can be classified into laminated， bedded and massive shale oil reservoirs based on the sedimentary structure. Although the grain size was not taken as one of the parameters for shale oil classification， we kept the traditional three terminal element category and mixed category of minerals， and removed further subdivided subcategories； the Rock-Eval was used instead of and to divide shale oil reservoirs into three types： low oil content， medium oil content and high oil content； the formation pressure coefficient less than 0.8 is defined as abnormally low pressure， 0.8 ~ 1.2 is classified as normal pressure， and greater than 1.2 is classified as abnormally high pressure； the crude oil viscosity is not involved in the classification of shale oil reservoir types. In addition， this study designated type Ⅰ， Ⅱ and Ⅲ sweet spots， and discussed the representative types of shale oil reservoirs in typical continental basins in China. This paper enhances our understanding of the assessment standards， the type of rocks and the distribution of “sweet spots” in shale oil reservoirs. As a result， this research contributes to the advancement of shale oil exploration and development， providing valuable insights for future endeavors in this field.

10.11743/ogg20230401