四川盆地页岩气储层暂堵转向压裂技术进展及发展建议

Recent Advances and Development Suggestions of Temporary Plugging and Diverting Fracturing Technology for Shale Gas Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin

郭建春 赵峰 詹立 张航 曾杰

GUO Jianchun ZHAO Feng ZHAN Li ZHANG Hang ZENG Jie

油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（西南石油大学），四川成都 610500

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China

暂堵转向压裂技术是四川盆地页岩气藏高效开发的关键手段，但目前主要依靠现场经验施工。为进一步优化该地区暂堵转向压裂施工效果，分析了四川盆地页岩储层特征，回顾了暂堵转向压裂技术的应用历程，从暂堵材料、暂堵机理、裂缝转向机理、暂堵工艺及现场应用方面总结了该技术的主要进展，阐明了现场施工面临的挑战并提出了发展建议。微地震和产量测试结果表明，缝口暂堵转向压裂技术和缝端暂堵转向压裂技术对四川盆地页岩气藏压裂改造具有明显效果。页岩气藏常用的暂堵球和颗粒暂堵剂主要性能参数基本满足目前中浅层和部分深层页岩暂堵转向压裂要求，但施工过程中仍面临暂堵材料优选与施工参数优化缺乏理论支撑的问题和深层页岩气藏复杂储层条件的挑战，下一步应加强暂堵材料评价标准的制定，开展不同暂堵材料暂堵机理的研究，以及新暂堵材料的研发，为优化暂堵转向压裂施工参数、提升施工效果提供理论依据。

Temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technology is the key method for the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Current operations, however, still mainly rely on field experience. To further improve the effects of temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in this area, this paper summarizes the characteristics of shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and reviews the application history of the temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technology. In addition, it presents the major progress of this technology in terms of temporary plugging materials, temporary plugging mechanisms, fracture diverting mechanisms, temporary plugging techniques, and field applications. Therefore, it clarifies the challenges faced by field operation and puts forth relevant development suggestions. Micro-seismic and field production data demonstrate that near-wellbore and far-field temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technologies significantly improve the fracturing stimulation effect of shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. The main performance parameters of temporary plugging balls and particle temporary plugging agents commonly used in shale gas reservoirs meet the requirements of temporary plugging and diverting fracturing in the middle and shallow reservoirs and some deep reservoirs. Nevertheless, theoretical support is still lacking in the selection of temporary plugging materials and the optimization of operation parameters, and there are still challenges caused by the complex reservoir conditions of deep shale reservoirs. Work in the future should focus on enhancing the formulation of evaluation standards for temporary plugging materials, research on the temporary plugging mechanisms of various temporary plugging materials, and the development of new temporary plugging materials. In this way, theoretical references can be provided for the operation parameter optimization of temporary plugging and diverting fracturing, and the improvement in operation effects.

中国石化科技攻关项目“基于可控降解聚合物的多级暂堵转向压裂技术研究”（编号：P22044）、中国石油科技创新基金项目“页岩气暂堵压裂复杂裂缝扩展机理与调控措施研究”(编号：2020D-5007-0208)、博士后国际交流计划引进项目“深层页岩气藏多场耦合作用下三维多尺度多区域流体流动规律及产能研究”（编号：YJ20220169）联合资助

https://doi.org/10.11911/syztjs.2023039