稠油乳化-剥离双效体系构筑及性能评价

Construction and Performance Evaluation of Emulsification-Stripping Dual Effect System for Heavy Oil

胡俊杰 张贵才 王 翔 王玉根 裴海华 杨 柳

HU Junjie ZHANG Guicai WANG Xiang WANG Yugen PEI Haihua YANG Liu

胜利油田稠油油藏开发存在原油黏度大、流动性差等问题，导致水驱采收率不理想。针对这一问题，以乳 化不稳定系数、油膜收缩速率和最小乳化转速为指标，构筑了由甜菜碱类表面活性剂（CBT）与阴离子/非离子表 面活性剂（ASC）组成的乳化-剥离双效体系。通过室内填砂流动实验评价了该双效体系对稠油的乳化和剥离能 力，并利用微观模型研究了其作用机理。结果表明，CBT对稠油具有优异的乳化性能和大幅降低油水界面张力 的作用，ASC对稠油具有良好的剥离能力，而复配体系兼具优异的乳化和剥离性能。双效体系通过乳化残余油， 提高了洗油效率，改变了液流方向。同时，该体系的润湿和渗透作用促进了固体壁面上油膜的收缩剥离。CBT、 ASC质量比为3∶2的复配体系在质量分数为0.3%的条件下，采收率达到50.36%，相比于水驱提高了14.18百分 点，这对高效开发稠油油藏具有重要的指导意义。

There are some problems in the development of heavy oil reservoir in Shengli oilfield，such as high viscosity and poor fluidity of crude oil，leading to unsatisfactory water drive recovery. To address this issue，an emulsification-stripping dual effect system consisting of betaine-based surfactant（CBT）and anionic/non-ionic surfactant（ASC）was constructed using emulsification instability coefficient，oil film shrinkage rate，and minimum emulsification speed as indicators. The emulsification and stripping ability of the dual-effect system for heavy oil was evaluated by indoor sand filling flow experiments，and then its mechanism was studied by using microscopic model. The results showed that CBT had excellent emulsification performance and significantly reduced the oil-water interfacial tension for heavy oil，while ASC had well stripping ability for heavy oil. The composite system had excellent emulsification and stripping properties. The dual-effect system increased the washing efficiency and changed the flow direction by emulsifying residual oil. At the same time，the wetting and osmosis of the system promoted the shrinkage and stripping of oil film on the solid wall. Under the condition of CBT/ASC composite system with a mass ratio of 3∶2 and the dosage of 0.3%， the recovery rate reached 50.36%，which increased by 14.18 percentage points comparing with water flooding. It had important guiding significance for the efficient development of heavy oil reservoir.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2023.03.017