用于超稠油乳化降黏的两亲型聚合物

Amphiphilic Polymers for Emulsification and Viscosity Reduction of Super Heavy Oil

张 蕊 张 刚 王桂芹 张添锦 张 伟

ZHANG Rui ZHANG Gang WANG Guiqin ZHANG Tianjin ZHANG Wei

为了提高超稠油油藏乳化降黏开发的效率，首先以丙烯酰胺（AM）、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、溴代烷烃 和溴化苄等为原料制得功能单体N-苄基-N-烷基丙烯酰胺（DTAM），然后再以AM、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸 钠（AMPS）和DTAM为原料制得两亲型聚合物（PBS-2）。采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪和元素分析仪对聚 合物的结构进行了表征；以合成产物的降黏率为评价指标，对PBS-2的合成条件进行了优化；评价了PBS-2的界 面活性、润湿性能和对不同黏度稠油的乳化降黏性能。结果表明，PBS-2的最佳合成条件为：AM、AMPS、DTAM 物质的量比为90∶4∶6，单体总质量分数为25%，引发剂偶氮二异丙基眯唑啉盐酸盐的质量分数为0.4%，反应温 度为50 ℃，反应时间为6 h。PBS-2的界面活性较强，当其质量浓度达到3 g/L时，即可将油水界面张力值降至 10-2 mN/m数量级。PBS-2的润湿性能较好。PBS-2溶液的质量浓度由0增至5 g/L时，其与稠油之间的接触角由 113.2°降至32.9°，稠油表面的润湿性由亲油转变为亲水。PBS-2对超稠油的乳化降黏效果较好，当质量浓度为3 g/L时，对黏度为10.5～112.5 Pa·s的超稠油样品的降黏率可以达到99%以上。合成的两亲型聚合物PBS-2能有 效乳化剥离稠油，改善稠油的流动性，满足超稠油乳化降黏的需求，为超稠油油藏化学降黏开发提供借鉴。

In order to improve the efficiency of emulsification and viscosity reduction development of super heavy oil reservoirs，the functional monomer N-benzyl-N-alkylacrylamide（DTAM）was first prepared using acrylamide（AM），N，N-di N-methylformamide（DMF），bromoalkane and benzyl bromide as raw materials. Then the amphiphilic polymer（PBS-2）was prepared from AM，2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate（AMPS）and DTAM. The structure of the polymer was characterized using infrared spectroscopy，nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy，and elemental analysis. The synthesis condition of PBS-2 was optimized using the viscosity reduction rate of synthesized product as an evaluation indicator. The interfacial activity，wetting performance，and emulsification and viscosity reduction performance of PBS-2 for heavy oil with different viscosities were evaluated. The results showed that the optimum synthesis condition for PBS-2 was obtained as follows：90∶4∶6 the molar ratio of AM，AMPS and DTAM，25% the total mass fraction of monomers，0.4% the mass fraction of initiator azodiisopropyl imidazoline hydrochloride，50 ℃ reaction temperature，and 6 hours reaction time. The interfacial activity of PBS-2 was strong. When its mass concentration reached 3 g/L，the oil-water interfacial tension value could be reduced to the order of 10-2 mN/m. PBS-2 had good wetting performance. When the mass concentration of PBS-2 solution increased from 0 to 5 g/L，the contact angle between it and heavy oil decreased from 113.2° to 32.9°. The wettability of the heavy oil surface changed from lipophilic to hydrophilic. PBS-2 had a good emulsification and viscosity reduction effect on super heavy oil. When the mass concentration of PBS-2 was 3 g/L，the viscosity reduction rate of super heavy oil samples with viscosity ranging from 10.5 Pa·s to 112.5 Pa·s could reach over 99%. The synthesized amphiphilic polymer PBS-2 could effectively emulsify and peel off heavy oil，improve the flowability of heavy oil， meet the needs of emulsification and viscosity reduction of super heavy oil，and then provide reference for the development of chemical viscosity reduction in super heavy oil reservoirs.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2023.03.018