基于γ-Al₂O₃载体的高孔隙率Ni-Mo催化剂制备及催化特超稠油降黏效果评价

Preparation of High-porosity Ni-Mo Catalyst Based on γ-Al₂O₃ and Its Catalytic Effect on Ultra-heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction

袁成东 刘 磊 IL’YASOV Il’dar R 丁保东 曹 畅 周晓冬 VARFOLOMEEV Mikhail A

YUAN Chengdong LIU Lei IL’YASOV Il’dar R DING Baodong CAO Chang ZHOU Xiaodong VARFOLOMEEV Mikhail A

塔河油田特超稠油在井筒掺稀降黏开采过程中掺稀比高、频繁上返异常，难以实现经济有效开采。针对塔河特超稠油高沥青质含量的特点，以1，3-丙二醇、仲钼酸铵和硝酸镍为原料，研发了一种基于γ-Al2O3载体的高孔隙度Ni-Mo 催化剂，评价了其地面改质降黏效果。结果表明，三叶形γ-Al2O3催化剂载体具有圆柱形孔隙结构，孔隙直径以5～11 nm为主。Ni-Mo 催化剂可以将特超稠油的黏度（50 ℃）从28 200 mPa·s降至298 mPa·s，降黏率为 98.94%，密度从 1.0070 g/mL 降至 0.8724 g/mL；同时，饱和烃的含量显著增加，胶质和沥青质的含量大幅降低。地面催化改质降黏与改质稀油回掺相结合的开采技术能有效降低特超稠油黏度，地面催化改质效果良好，可有效节约掺稀油用量，提升开采效果。

The ultra-heavy oil in Tahe oilfield is currently produced by mixing light oil with ultra-heavy oil in wellbore to reduce viscosity. However，the high ratio of needed light oils and abnormal fluid production caused by uneven mixing lead to an inefficient production with high cost. Based on the characteristic of high asphaltene content in Tahe ultra-heavy oil，a high-porosity Ni-Mo catalyst based on γ-Al2O3 carrier was synthesized using 1，3-propanediol，ammonium paramolybdate，and nickel nitrate as raw materials. Its catalytic effect on viscosity reduction was evaluated. The results showed that the trilobal γ-Al2O3 catalyst carrier had a cylindrical pore structure. The pore diameter was mainly 5—11 nm. The Ni-Mo catalyst could reduce the viscosity（50 ℃）of ultra-heavy oil from 28 200 mPa s to 298 mPa s. The viscosity reduction rate was 98.94%. In addition，it could reduce the density of ultra-heavy oil from 1.0070 g/mL to 0.8724 g/mL. Simultaneously，the content of saturated hydrocarbon increased significantly， while the content of resin and asphaltene decreased significantly. The catalytic ex-situ upgrading technology for viscosity reduction combined with reinjection of upgraded oil into wellbore could effectively reduce the viscosity of ultra-heavy oil. The catalytic ex-situ upgrading had a good effect，which could effectively save light oil consumption and improve the production efficiency.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2023.03.019