深层常压页岩气工程技术新进展与发展建议

Progress and development suggestions of deep normal pressure shale gas engineering technology

张文平 李双明 张金成 张彦仪 闵文宣

ZHANG Wenping LI Shuangming ZHANG Jincheng ZHANG Yanyi MIN Wenxuan

1. 中国石化石油工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206; 2. 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206

1. SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China

与中浅层页岩气勘探开发相比，深层页岩气埋藏深、构造复杂、压力体系多变，钻井提速难；储层可压性差、体积改造难。如何提高钻完井效率、降低钻完井成本，是实现深层页岩气经济效益开发最大的挑战。为明确当前深层常压页岩气钻完井技术水平和存在的问题，总结分析国内外深层页岩气钻完井工程新进展，指出了当前存在的问题并提出了发展建议。在四川盆地威荣、永川等区块已经实现了深层常压页岩气的经济效益开发，基本形成了以低成本高性能油基钻井液、强化钻井参数、配套大扭矩螺杆和个性化钻头、长水平井精准导向和高效控制、钻井实时监测与智能优化为核心的深层页岩气长水平井高效钻井技术体系，水平段最长长度达4 386 m，最长一趟钻进尺达4 225 m。但与北美地区先进钻井指标相比，国产螺杆寿命、旋转导向工具稳定性和可靠性、超级一趟钻技术与比率、近钻头推靠工具还存在一定差距，需进一步加大核心配套工具和技术研发，进一步提高深层页岩气井的钻井效率。北美地区受经济开发效益限制而较少开发4 200 m以深的深层页岩气，国内已经突破了4 700 m深层页岩气体积压裂技术，形成了以压裂工艺、分段工具、主体材料和监测技术为核心的独立自主的4 700 m以浅深层页岩气压裂技术体系。但在复杂构造区深层和超深层页岩储层中形成复杂裂缝网难度大，还需进一步完善裂缝扩展机理研究，研发降阻性能更好的压裂液体系和175 MPa压裂装备，以尽快突破4 700～6 000 m埋深页岩气井高效压裂瓶颈。

Compared with the exploration and development of medium-shallow shale gas, deep shale gas is deeply buried, with complex structures and variable pressure systems, making it difficult to increase drilling speed. The reservoirs are of poor compressibility and it is difficult to transform the volume. How to improve drilling and completion efficiency and reduce drilling and completion costs is the largest challenge in achieving the economic benefits of deep shale gas development. In order to clarify the current technical level and existing problems of deep normal pressure shale gas drilling and completion, the technical indicators and progress of deep shale gas in drilling and completion engineering at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed in this paper and it points out the existing problems and puts forward suggestions. SINOPEC has realized the economic benefit development of deep normal pressure shale gas in blocks such as Weirong and Yongchuan and has basically formed a high-efficiency drilling technology system for long horizontal wells with low-cost high-performance oil-based drilling fluid, enhanced drilling parameters, high-torque positive displacement motor, personalized drill bit, precise guidance and efficient control of long horizontal wells, real-time drilling monitoring and intelligent optimization technology as the core. The maximum horizontal section length and one-trip footage have been extended to 4 386 m and 4 225 m respectively. However, compared with the advanced records in North America, there is still a certain gap between the life of positive displacement motor, stability and reliability of rotary steering tools, super one-trip drilling technology and ratio, and near-bit push tools. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop the core tools to further improve the drilling efficiency. Due to the limitation of economic development benefits, the deve-lopment of deep shale gas in North America is less than 4 200 m. In China, we have broken through the 4 700 m deep shale gas fracturing technology and formed an independent 4 700 m deep shale gas fracturing technology system with fracturing technology, segmented tools, main materials, and monitoring technology as the core. However, for deep and ultra-deep shale in complex structural areas, it is difficult to form complex fracture nets. It is extremely necessary to further improve the fracture propagation mechanism, develop a fracturing fluid system with better drag reduction and 175 MPa fracturing equipment to break through the bottleneck of efficient fracturing technology for 4 700-6 000 m shale gas.

中国石化科技攻关项目(P22183和P22095)和中国石化页岩油气钻完井及压裂重点实验室开放基金(35800000-23-ZC0613-0005)联合资助。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz2023061151