高分辨地震勘探采集站参数选择

Parameter selection in high resolution seismic acquisition station

江汉石油学院,荆沙 434102

Jianghan Petroleum Institute, Jinsha 434102

本文从地震波在地层中的传播特性出发,对配备Σ-ΔA／D转换器的新型地震数据来集站中与高分辨地震勘探数据采集有关的几个重要参数,如采样率、动态范围、前放增益、输入噪声、畸变等进行了说明,并分析了它们之间的相互关系。核心问题在于如何提高采集站的瞬时动态范围,以便采集到尽可能多的高额分量。文章介绍了新型数据采集站的特点,指出了采用频谱整形方法改进瞬时动态范围的最大能力,并说明了在数据采集过程中对采样率以及前放增益的选择原则。

In regard to a new type of seismic acquisition station furnished with Σ-ΔA/D convertor,sever-al important paranleters that have an effect on high resolution seismic acquisition,such as samplingrate,dynamic range,preamp gain,input noise,distortion etc are demonstrated in terms of propaga-tion characteristic of seismic wave through strata. The relationship among these parameters is alsoanalyzed. The key of high resolution seismic acquisition rests with how to increase transient dy-namic range of the acquisition station, so that more high frequency components can be obtained.Therefore, the properties of the new type of acquisition station are described in this paper, the mostcapability to increase transient dynamic range by use of spectral-shaping method is pointed out,andthe principle in selecting sampling rate and preamp gain during data acqusition is showed.