边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中的应用

Using edge detection technique to image channels and minor faults

1. 中国石油勘探开发科学研究院,北京100083;2. 石油大学(华东)地球资源与信息学院,东营257061

Faulty of Earth Resources and Information Technology, University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, China

在储层表征中, 河道砂及小断裂的正确刻画对于油气勘探和开发都具有重要的意义。河道边界和储层小断裂在地震数据中表现为边缘特征。应用边缘检测或相干体技术能够直观地描述数据中的边缘特征, 即不连续性。与相干体技术相比, 边缘检测技术具有其独特的优势, 最大的优点在于其多尺度特性。利用图像处理中边缘检测理论, 研究了地震资料解释中的河道和储层小断裂的成像。引入了2种算法: 一是利用小波变换进行多尺度边缘检测, 二是最优滤波二阶差分边缘检测。 2种方法各有自己的应用优势。多尺度边缘检测可以检测出数据中所有尺度的边缘, 可以用于河道边界的成像。最优滤波二阶差分算法通过调整可以检测出特定级别的边缘, 对于储层中小断裂的成像特别有效。 2种算法相互补充, 给地震解释人员提供了一个有力工具。

This paper proposed to image channels and minor faults with edge detection technique. Two algorithms of edge detection were introduced, one is multi-scale edge detection by wavelet transform, and the other is two-order optimal difference filtering. They have their own advantages in seismic interpretation. The first method can detect all edges of every scale in the data, suitable for imaging channel edges. The second method can detect edges of certain scale, and is effective in imaging minor faults. The combination of the two methods provides a powerful tool for seismic interpreters.