地震资料处理中相干干扰消除方法分析

Elimination of coherent interference in seismic data processing

江汉油田物探处物探研究中心,湖北潜江433100

Geophysical Research Center, Geophysical Prospecting Division of Jianghan Oilfield, Qianjiang 433100, China

地震资料处理实践中, 消除相干干扰采用的技术一般为切除、带通滤波、F-X预测滤波、小波变换及均值加权等。实际上, 带通滤波、F-X预测滤波及小波变换这 3种方法采用的也是切除技术。由于信号与干扰无论在时域还是在频域或其他域均十分复杂地叠合在一起, 故采用切除技术来消除相干干扰总是以牺牲部分有效信号为代价的。均值加权消除干扰技术企图避开这一缺点, 但又要求相干干扰呈线性特征, 这一点在实践中有时可能得不到满足, 因而又损失了有效信号。目前, 仍没有一种技术能严格地完成地震资料的信号与干扰的分离。

In practice, the commonly used methods for elimination of coherent interference are muting, bandpass filtering,F-X predictive filtering, wavelet transform elimination, and mean-weighted elimination. In essence, bandpass filtering,F-X predictive filtering, and wavelet transform elimination are some kind of muting techniques. Since signals and noises are mixed in every domain, elimination of coherent interference with muting techniques will always impair the desired signals. The mean-weighted elimination requires that the coherent interference be linear, which sometimes is not hold. So far there is no method that is able to separate the signals from interference without harming the desired signals. Based on an analysis of the feasibility of every interference elimination method, the author put forward several criteria in adoption of methods for elimination of coherent interference.