叠前地震数据优化处理技术分析

Analysis on optimization processing method of prestack data

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司物探研究院，山东东营257022;2. 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局，山东东营257000

Geophysical Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Co. Ltd, Dongying 257022, China

由于叠前时间偏移成像是在叠前数据上进行的,因此对数据的质量要求较高。针对这一问题,进行了数据优化处理技术研究,研究的基础资料是胜利油田渤深6区块的三维地震数据。首先对资料的质量进行了分析,由于是拼接资料,因此存在着能量不均衡、覆盖次数不均匀、波形不一致以及各类干扰发育等问题;然后针对这些问题研究了时间-空间域内分频随机噪声衰减、频率-空间域相干噪声衰减、波形匹配处理和数据拟合三维随机噪声衰减等4种处理方法,分别取得了很好的处理效果。在对实际资料进行数据优化处理时,根据资料的特点采用了合适的组合方式,处理后资料的品质得到了较大提高,相干噪声、随机噪声得到了有效衰减,波形一致性得到了恢复,中、深层有效频率和有效能量得到了加强。

Re-stack time migration imaging is conducted on pre-stack gather data, therefore, the requirement for gather data quality is higher than post-stack time imaging in terms of signal to noise ratio and waveform consistency. This paper discusses 4 types of processing methods: time-spatial domain frequency splitting random noise attenuation, frequency-spatial domain coherent noise attenuation, waveform match processing and gather data fitting 3-D random noise attenuation. The coherent noise and random noise on the data has been effectively attenuated. The waveform difference between the data has been resolved, the effective frequency and energy in middle and deep strata has been greatly enhanced.