几种常用静校正方法的讨论

Static correction approaches being frequently applied

中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院南京石油物探研究所, 江苏南京 210014

Institute of Geophysical Prospecting, the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of SINOPEC, Nanjing 210014, China

随着地震勘探区域地表条件复杂化,静校正在资料处理中的作用日显重要。因此,有必要对各种静校正方法的基本原理、适用条件进行系统的归纳和分析。为此,对目前常用的高程静校正、模型静校正、折射静校正和层析静校正等方法的基本理论和适用条件进行了讨论和分析,认为基于初至时间的层析静校正方法能较好地解决复杂地表区由于地形和低速带变化引起的长波长静校正问题。同时讨论了多域统计剩余静校正、相对折射法剩余静校正和反射剩余静校正等方法,认为基于初至时间的多域统计剩余静校正是解决由测量误差和表层速度模型误差引起的残留短波长静校正问题的较好方法,只要应用得当,同样适合复杂地表区的资料处理。

The fundamental principles of static correction approaches being frequently applied, including elevation,model, refraction and tomography static corrections, are described and their suitability for complex near-surface conditions is discussed. The tomography static correction based on first breaking time is considered to be one of themost effectivemethods to deal with the long wavelength statics caused by variation of topography and low velocity zone (LVZ). The residual statics correction calculation based onmultiple domains statistics is thought to be a quit good approach for determining the short wavelength statics caused by geometry deviation and LVZmodel error, it is suitable for complex near-surface conditions through correct application. The conventional residual statics correction calculation based on reflection energy is of course indispensable in data processing. Time variable residual static correction can also be used if necessary. Real data examples give an explanation on above opinions.