Q补偿技术在提高地震分辨率中的应用  ——以准噶尔盆地Y1井区为例

Application of Q compensation technique in improving seismic resolution: case study of Y1 well area, Junggar basin

（1．中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院西部分院，新疆乌鲁木齐830011；2英国帝国理工大学油藏地球物理中心，伦敦SW7 2AZ）

West Branch Institute, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Urumqi 830011, China

准噶尔盆地Y1井区主要发育岩性、地层油气藏，但由于目的层埋深大（5000~6000m），储层薄（8~10m），储集体与围岩波阻抗差异小，反射能量弱，加上煤层干扰，使得储层识别、预测难度大。针对这一问题，利用能同时进行振幅校正和相位畸变校正的反Q滤波方法对该区的三维地震资料进行了提高分辨率处理。首先选择过井地震剖面进行相位校正，通过与测井资料合成记录进行对比获得最佳相位校正算子；然后进行振幅补偿，通过频谱分析调整振幅补偿算子，确保反Q滤波在振幅补偿的同时不破坏各种有效频率成分的相对变化关系；反复进行上述处理获得最佳Q值模型，该模型具有时变和空变的特点。用最佳Q值模型对全区地震资料进行补偿处理，明显提高了地震剖面的分辨率，提高了地层岩性圈闭的识别能力与储层预测精度，落实了地层上倾尖灭线及砂体展布范围。

Formation lithology hydrocarbon reservoirs are mainly developed in Y1 well area of Junggar basin. But the reservoir recognition and prediction are quite difficult because of deeply buried interests (more than 5,000-6,000 m), thin reservoirs (8-10 m), small difference between reservoir impedance and surrounding rock impedance, weak reflection energy and interference of coal seams. Aiming at these problems, the inverse Q filtering method was used in the 3D seismic data to improve the resolution. Firstly, phase correction was carried out on the selected cross-well seismic profiles and compared to the synthetic seismogram of logging data to obtain optimum phase correction operator. Then, the amplitude was compensated and the compensation operator adjusted through spectrum analysis to ensure that the Q filtering will not damage the relative variation relationship of all effective frequencies during amplitude compensation. The optimum Q modeling was achieved through repeating the abovementioned process. The model has characteristics of timevariation and space-variation. The application of it in this area shows that the resolution of seismic profiles is obviously enhanced, the recognition ability of formation lithology traps and reservoir prediction accuracy improved, and the updip wedge-out and sand body distribution range identified.